Rules of the RoadPedestrians’ Rights and Duties
Section § 21949
This law states that California wants to ensure safe and easy pedestrian travel for everyone, whether they're walking, using a wheelchair, a walker, or a stroller. It emphasizes making streets and highways safe for pedestrians and encourages more walking by reducing pedestrian accidents and injuries.
Section § 21949.5
This law requires the Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol to work with the University of California's Institute of Transportation Studies to submit a report to the Legislature by January 1, 2028. The report should focus on pedestrian-related traffic accidents and how changes in the law have affected pedestrian safety. It's also important that this report follows specific government reporting rules. This statute will no longer be in effect after January 1, 2032.
Section § 21950
Drivers must yield to pedestrians crossing at marked or unmarked crosswalks unless stated otherwise. Pedestrians can't suddenly step into traffic or unnecessarily delay it while crossing. Both drivers and pedestrians must be careful to ensure safety. Drivers need to slow down or take necessary precautions when nearing pedestrians at crosswalks. Police officers can't stop pedestrians for minor violations unless there is an immediate danger of collision, but pedestrians still need to stay cautious. Drivers also have a continuing duty to be careful around pedestrians.
Section § 21950.5
This law says that a marked crosswalk cannot be taken away without giving the public at least 30 days' notice and a chance to share their thoughts. The notice must be posted at the crosswalk that's planned for removal and should tell people how they can give their input about the removal.
Section § 21951
If a car has stopped at a crosswalk, whether marked or unmarked, to let a pedestrian cross, other drivers coming from behind must not pass that stopped car.
Section § 21952
If you're driving a car and need to cross a sidewalk, you must let pedestrians go first. This means stopping and allowing anyone walking on the sidewalk to safely pass before you drive over it.
Section § 21953
If a pedestrian is crossing a street not at a designated tunnel or overhead crossing where such crossing is available, they must let vehicles go first if they're close enough to be a danger.
It's okay to have a crosswalk even in places where there are pedestrian tunnels or overhead crossings.
Police can only cite a pedestrian for not using the tunnel or crossing if it’s clear there’s a real risk of being hit. Pedestrians still need to be careful for their safety, and drivers must watch out for pedestrians.
Section § 21954
If you're walking on the road and not using a crosswalk, you have to let vehicles go first to avoid direct danger. However, drivers must also keep an eye out for pedestrians and ensure their safety. Police officers can only stop you for not yielding to cars if there's an immediate risk of a crash.
Everyone, both pedestrians and drivers, must be careful and attentive to avoid accidents.
Section § 21955
This law states that pedestrians should only cross roads at crosswalks if they are between intersections with traffic signals or police control. Police can't stop a pedestrian for crossing outside a crosswalk unless there's an obvious danger of them being hit by a vehicle or something human-powered like a bicycle. Pedestrians still need to be careful for their own safety, and drivers must also be cautious to avoid hitting pedestrians on the road.
Section § 21956
This law outlines rules for pedestrians walking on roadways in non-business or residence areas. Pedestrians should walk close to the left-hand edge of the road unless there is no safe way to cross or traffic makes it unsafe, in which case they can walk on the right-hand side. Police officers shouldn't stop pedestrians for violations of these walking rules unless there's a clear risk of a collision. Both pedestrians and drivers are reminded to exercise caution and care to ensure safety.
Section § 21957
In California, it's illegal for anyone to stand on a road to ask for a ride from passing drivers. This means hitchhiking from the roadway is not allowed.
Section § 21959
This law makes it illegal for anyone to ski or use a toboggan on a road if it disrupts vehicle traffic. However, if a person is skiing at a slow pace, similar to walking, they are treated like a pedestrian and have the same rights and responsibilities as someone walking on the street.
Section § 21960
This section allows the Department of Transportation and local authorities to prohibit or restrict pedestrians, bicycles, and certain motorized cycles from using freeways and expressways. If these restrictions are in place, signs must be posted to inform the public. However, individuals from a disabled car can walk to the nearest exit to seek assistance. If a county wants to set these restrictions on a freeway within a city, the city must approve the ordinance. Additionally, any new ordinance stopping pedestrian access after 2005 needs to be justified by proving that walking there is unsafe because there are no pedestrian facilities.
Section § 21961
This law allows local authorities in California to create rules preventing people from walking across streets outside of crosswalks. However, police officers can't stop someone for breaking one of these local rules unless it's clear that there's an immediate risk of hitting a moving vehicle or human-powered device. Despite these rules, pedestrians and drivers both still need to be careful and look out for each other's safety.
Section § 21962
This law says that if a police officer reasonably thinks a pedestrian is on a bridge or overpass intending to throw things at vehicles, as prohibited by another law, they can legally tell that person to leave the area.
Section § 21963
If a blind pedestrian with a white cane or guide dog is crossing the road, drivers must stop and let them pass safely. Failing to do so can result in a misdemeanor charge, up to six months in jail, and a fine ranging from $500 to $1,000. This law does not prevent other charges if applicable.
Section § 21964
This law states that only people who are totally or partially blind are allowed to carry or use a predominantly white cane, whether it has a red tip or not, in public places like highways and public buildings.
Section § 21965
This law defines what it means to be 'blind,' 'totally blind,' and 'partially blind' for specific sections. It states that blindness involves a central visual acuity of no more than 20/200 in the better eye, even with glasses, or having a very limited field of vision of no more than 20 degrees.
Section § 21966
This law states that pedestrians should not walk along a bike path if there is a nearby pedestrian walkway available. However, a police officer can only stop a pedestrian for being on the bike path if it's clear there's an immediate risk of a crash with something moving. Even so, pedestrians are expected to be careful for their safety, and cyclists must also be cautious to ensure pedestrian safety on the road.
Section § 21967
This law allows local governments to create rules that can stop or limit people from using skateboards or electric boards on streets, sidewalks, or roads. They must do this through an official ordinance or resolution.
Section § 21968
This law states that you cannot ride a motorized skateboard on sidewalks, roads, highways, bike paths, or any kind of trail. However, it makes clear that an electrically motorized board, as defined by another section, is not considered a motorized skateboard under this law.
Section § 21969
This law allows local governments to create their own rules for people roller skating on highways, sidewalks, or roads. They can do this by passing a local ordinance.
Section § 21970
This law makes it illegal to stop a vehicle in a way that blocks crosswalks or sidewalks, whether they are marked or unmarked. However, it allows drivers to make certain turns at a red light, such as turning right or turning left from a one-way street to another one-way street, following specific rules.
Section § 21971
If a driver breaks specific traffic rules related to traffic signals and pedestrian right-of-way, and this results in someone other than the driver getting hurt, they have committed a minor legal offense called an infraction. The punishment for this is outlined in another section.