Section § 27450

Explanation

This law specifies the minimum thickness required for solid tires on vehicles. If a tire is between 3 to less than 6 inches wide, it must be at least 1 inch thick. For tires 6 to 9 inches wide, a thickness of 1.25 inches is necessary. Tires wider than 9 inches should be at least 1.5 inches thick.

When any vehicle is equipped with any solid tire, the solid tire shall have a minimum thickness of resilient rubber as follows:
(a)CA Vehicle Code § 27450(a) If the width of the tire is three inches but less than six inches, one inch thick.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 27450(b) If the width of the tire is six inches but not more than nine inches, 11/4 inches thick.
(c)CA Vehicle Code § 27450(c) If the width of the tire is more than nine inches, 11/2 inches thick.

Section § 27451

Explanation

This law explains how to measure the rubber of a solid tire. To do so, you measure the distance between the road surface and the closest metal part of the tire's base flange where the vehicle's weight presses down on the road.

The rubber of a solid tire shall be measured between the surface of the roadway and the nearest metal part of the base flange to which the tire is attached at the point where the concentrated weight of the vehicle bears upon the surface of the roadway.

Section § 27452

Explanation

This law mandates that the rubber on a solid tire must be of equal thickness all around the tire. The tire should be securely attached to its base and should not have any flat areas or bumps.

The required thickness of rubber shall extend evenly around the entire periphery of the tire. The entire solid tire shall be securely attached to the channel base and shall be without flat spots or bumpy rubber.

Section § 27453

Explanation

This law states that when you have dual solid rubber tires on a vehicle, the difference in size between the two tires shouldn't be more than one-eighth of an inch in diameter.

There shall not be an average difference greater than 1/8 inch between the outside diameters of each single tire composing a dual solid rubber tire.

Section § 27454

Explanation

This law forbids vehicles on a highway from having tires with metal or wood parts sticking out beyond the tire tread. However, there are exceptions for certain situations and tire types. For example, you can use tire chains for grip on snow or ice. Some special pneumatic (air-filled) tires are allowed if they have very small amounts of exposed metal, particularly during bad weather or under certain conditions. Vehicles involved in road construction or repair, and emergency vehicles, can use specialized tires too. The law also permits tires with retractable metal studs, as long as the studs do not stick out when retracted, and only between November 1 and April 30 unless special permission is given.

A tire on a vehicle upon a highway shall not have on its periphery any block, stud, flange, cleat, ridge, bead, or any other protuberance of metal or wood that projects beyond the tread of the traction surface of the tire.
This section does not apply to any of the following:
(a)CA Vehicle Code § 27454(a) Tire traction devices of reasonable size used to prevent skidding when upon wet surfaces or when upon snow or ice.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 27454(b) Pneumatic tires that have embedded therein wire not to exceed 0.075 of an inch in diameter and that are constructed so that under no conditions will the percentage of metal in contact with the roadway exceed 5 percent of the total tire area in contact with the roadway, except that during the first 1,000 miles of use or operation of the tire, the metal in contact with the roadway may exceed 5 percent of the tire area in contact with the roadway, but shall in no event exceed 20 percent of the area.
(c)CA Vehicle Code § 27454(c) Vehicles operated upon unimproved roadways when necessary in the construction or repair of highways.
(d)CA Vehicle Code § 27454(d) Traction engines or tractors when operated under the conditions of a permit first obtained from the Department of Transportation.
(e)Copy CA Vehicle Code § 27454(e)
(1)Copy CA Vehicle Code § 27454(e)(1) Pneumatic tires containing metal-type studs of tungsten carbide or other suitable material that are inserted or constructed so that under no condition will the number of studs or the percentage of metal in contact with the roadway exceed 3 percent of the total tire area in contact with the roadway, between November 1 and April 30 of each year. A vehicle may be equipped year-round with tires that have studs that retract pneumatically or mechanically when not in use, if the studs are retracted between May 1 and October 31 of each year. A tire on a vehicle shall not be worn to a point at which the studs protrude beyond the tire tread when retracted.
(2)CA Vehicle Code § 27454(e)(2) The commissioner, after consultation with the Department of Transportation, may extend the period during which the studded pneumatic tires may be used with studs deployed or inserted in areas of the state for the protection of the public because of adverse weather conditions.
(f)CA Vehicle Code § 27454(f) Pneumatic tires used on an authorized emergency vehicle, as defined in Section 165, containing metal-type studs of tungsten carbide or other suitable material, if the studs are inserted or constructed so that under no conditions will the number of studs or the percentage of metal in contact with the roadway exceed 3 percent of the total tire area in contact with the roadway. Notwithstanding subdivision (e), authorized emergency vehicles are permitted the unrestricted use of studded pneumatic tires throughout the year.

Section § 27455

Explanation

This law says that from January 1, 1975, you can't sell or offer inner tubes for radial tires unless the valve stem is colored red or marked according to specific rules. Also, you can't put an inner tube into a radial tire unless it's made for that purpose.

(a)CA Vehicle Code § 27455(a) On and after January 1, 1975, no person shall sell or offer for sale an inner tube for use in a radial tire unless, at the time of manufacture, the tube valve stem is colored red or is distinctly marked in accordance with rules and regulations adopted by the department, taking into consideration the recommendations of manufacturers of inner tubes.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 27455(b) No person shall install an inner tube in a radial tire unless the inner tube is designed for use in a radial tire.

Section § 27459

Explanation

This law requires drivers to use tire traction devices when driving on certain highways designated for such equipment. If the California Department of Transportation or local authorities require traction devices on vehicles weighing 6,000 pounds or less, drivers must install them on at least two drive wheels. Alternatively, if conditions allow, vehicles can use snow-tread tires with specific markings or designs for snow, provided they are in good condition. These tires are acceptable if they have markings like M-S or M/S, indicating their suitability for snowy conditions, or if they meet certain tread pattern requirements.

No person shall operate any motor vehicle, trailer or semitrailer upon any portion of a highway without tire traction devices when that portion of the highway is signed for the requirement of tire traction devices. In any case where a passenger vehicle or motortruck having an unladen weight of 6,000 pounds or less may be required by the Department of Transportation or local authorities to be equipped with tire traction devices, the devices shall be placed on at least two drive wheels, or the department or local authorities may provide, in the alternative, that the vehicle may be equipped with snow-tread tires on at least two drive wheels when the weather and surface conditions at the time are such that the stopping, tractive, and cornering abilities of the snow-tread tires are adequate. The snow-tread tires shall be of a type and design manufactured for use on snow as a replacement for tire chains or tire traction devices, shall be in good condition, and shall bear the marking of M-S, M/S, or other marking indicating that the tire was manufactured for use on snow, or, in the case of tires purchased before January 1, 1987, shall either bear the markings or, in the opinion of the inspecting officer, comply with the tread pattern requirements of Section 558.

Section § 27459.5

Explanation

This law states that a person cannot sell, rent, install, or replace tire traction devices for highway use unless they meet certain safety requirements outlined in Section 605. Manufacturers of these devices must have proof from laboratory tests that the devices comply with these requirements before they can be sold.

(a)CA Vehicle Code § 27459.5(a) No person shall sell, offer for sale, lease, install, or replace on a vehicle for use on a highway, any tire traction devices which are not in compliance with requirements specified in Section 605.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 27459.5(b) Every manufacturer who sells, offers for sale, or manufactures for use upon a vehicle, tire traction devices subject to the requirements of Section 605 shall, before the device is offered for sale, have laboratory test data showing compliance with those requirements. Tests may be conducted by the manufacturer.

Section § 27460

Explanation

If you drive a passenger vehicle or light truck weighing 6,500 pounds or less with four-wheel drive and snow tires, you can use it on roads where tire chains are usually required. However, you must keep tire chains in the vehicle, just in case, and you can't tow another vehicle unless it's disabled. Snow tires must meet specific standards.

You still need to use tire chains if weather conditions make snow tires alone unsafe or if there are signs requiring chains. The Department of Transportation or local authorities might also mandate chains regardless of your vehicle type or tire condition.

Any passenger vehicle or motortruck having an unladen weight of 6,500 pounds or less and operated and equipped with four-wheel drive and with snow-tread tires on all four drive wheels may be operated upon any portion of a highway without tire traction devices, notwithstanding the fact that the highway is signed for the requirement of those devices and provided that tire traction devices for at least one set of drive wheels are carried in or upon the vehicle. The snow-tread tires shall meet the requirements specified in Section 27459, and the vehicle shall not, when so operated, tow another vehicle except as may be necessary to move a disabled vehicle from the roadway.
No person shall use those tires on four-wheel drive vehicles in place of tire traction devices whenever weather and roadway conditions at the time are such that the stopping, tractive, and cornering abilities of the tires are not adequate or whenever the Department of Transportation or local authorities, in their respective jurisdictions, place signs prohibiting their operation unless equipped with tire traction devices.

Section § 27460.5

Explanation

This law prohibits the sale or offering for sale of motor vehicle tires, except for commercial vehicle tires, that have been altered by cutting or burning new grooves into them. These altered tires, known as recut or regrooved tires, are not retreaded or recapped, meaning they are modified in a different way. The law aims to ensure safety by restricting the sale of potentially unsafe tires.

No person shall knowingly sell or offer or expose for sale any motor vehicle tire except a commercial vehicle tire, or any motor vehicle equipped with any tire except a commercial vehicle tire, which has been recut or regrooved. For purposes of this section a recut or regrooved tire is an unretreaded or unrecapped tire into which new grooves have been cut or burned.

Section § 27461

Explanation

This law states that it's illegal to drive or allow the driving of any non-commercial vehicle on public roads if it has tires that have been recut or regrooved. A recut or regrooved tire is one where new grooves have been added by cutting or burning into the tire, not just retreading or recapping it.

No person shall cause or permit the operation of and no driver shall knowingly operate any motor vehicle except a commercial vehicle, on any street or highway, which is equipped with one or more recut or regrooved tires. For purposes of this section a recut or regrooved tire is an unretreaded or unrecapped tire into which new grooves have been cut or burned.

Section § 27465

Explanation

This law says it's illegal for anyone with a retail seller's permit to sell or install tires with less tread depth than specified for use on highways. Generally, tires must have at least 1/32 of an inch depth in any two grooves, but steering axle tires on certain vehicles need 4/32 of an inch, and snow tires in traction areas need 6/32 of an inch. These rules don't apply when installing a spare tire in an emergency or to agricultural equipment. Tread depth isn't measured where certain tire features are present, and the department can set stricter rules if needed for safety.

(a)CA Vehicle Code § 27465(a) No dealer or person holding a retail seller’s permit shall sell, offer for sale, expose for sale, or install on a vehicle axle for use on a highway, a pneumatic tire when the tire has less than the tread depth specified in subdivision (b). This subdivision does not apply to any person who installs on a vehicle, as part of an emergency service rendered to a disabled vehicle upon a highway, a spare tire with which the disabled vehicle was equipped.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 27465(b) No person shall use on a highway a pneumatic tire on a vehicle axle when the tire has less than the following tread depth, except when temporarily installed on a disabled vehicle as specified in subdivision (a):
(1)CA Vehicle Code § 27465(b)(1) One thirty-second (1/32) of an inch tread depth in any two adjacent grooves at any location of the tire, except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3).
(2)CA Vehicle Code § 27465(b)(2) Four thirty-second (4/32) of an inch tread depth at all points in all major grooves on a tire on the steering axle of any motor vehicle specified in Section 34500, and two thirty-second (2/32) of an inch tread depth at all points in all major grooves on all other tires on the axles of these vehicles.
(3)CA Vehicle Code § 27465(b)(3) Six thirty-second (6/32) of an inch tread depth at all points in all major grooves on snow tires used in lieu of tire traction devices in posted tire traction device control areas.
(c)CA Vehicle Code § 27465(c) The measurement of tread depth shall not be made where tie bars, humps, or fillets are located.
(d)CA Vehicle Code § 27465(d) The requirements of this section shall not apply to implements of husbandry.
(e)CA Vehicle Code § 27465(e) The department, if it determines that such action is appropriate and in keeping with reasonable safety requirements, may adopt regulations establishing more stringent tread depth requirements than those specified in this section for those vehicles defined in Sections 322 and 545, and may adopt regulations establishing tread depth requirements different from those specified in this section for those vehicles listed in Section 34500.

Section § 27470

Explanation

This law section covers the standards and regulations for nonpneumatic tires, which are tires that don't rely on air pressure. Firstly, these tires must meet federal standards outlined in Part 571 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. For certain purposes, nonpneumatic tires are treated the same as traditional air-filled tires by specific vehicle code sections.

The department has the authority to set additional regulations to ensure public safety, and anyone using or installing these tires on highways must follow those regulations. When creating these standards, the department will consider federal guidelines and advice from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Lastly, the definition of 'nonpneumatic tire' is aligned with the federal definition found in Section 571.129 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

(a)CA Vehicle Code § 27470(a) A nonpneumatic tire shall comply with the standards contained in Part 571 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 27470(b) A nonpneumatic tire shall be considered a pneumatic tire for purposes of Sections 27454, 27459, 27459.5, 27460, 27460.5, 27461, 27465, and 27502.
(c)CA Vehicle Code § 27470(c) The department may adopt regulations relating to standards for nonpneumatic tires for a vehicle type as it determines necessary to provide for public safety.
(1)CA Vehicle Code § 27470(c)(1) A person shall not install or use on a highway a nonpneumatic tire that is not in conformance with the regulations adopted pursuant to this subdivision.
(2)CA Vehicle Code § 27470(c)(2) In adopting regulations, the department shall consider Part 571 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations and guidance issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
(d)CA Vehicle Code § 27470(d) For purposes of this section, “nonpneumatic tire” has the same meaning as defined in Section 571.129 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

Section § 27500

Explanation

This law allows the department to create rules about the quality and safety of vehicle tires to ensure public safety. When making these rules, they should look at the standards set by the Federal Highway Administration and the Rubber Manufacturers Association as a guideline.

(a)CA Vehicle Code § 27500(a) The department may adopt regulations relating to standards for pneumatic tires of a vehicle type as it determines necessary to provide for public safety.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 27500(b) In adopting these regulations, the department shall consider as evidence of generally accepted standards, the rules and regulations which have been adopted by the Federal Highway Administration and Rubber Manufacturers Assocation.

Section § 27501

Explanation

This law makes it illegal for dealers or anyone with a retail seller's permit to sell or install a pneumatic tire on vehicles for highway use if those tires don't meet specific regulations. There's an exception for installing a spare tire during emergency services if the vehicle is stuck on a highway.

Additionally, it is prohibited for anyone to use a non-compliant pneumatic tire on highways.

(a)CA Vehicle Code § 27501(a) No dealer or person holding a retail seller’s permit shall sell, offer for sale, expose for sale, or install on a vehicle for use on a highway, a pneumatic tire which is not in compliance with regulations adopted pursuant to Section 27500. This subdivision shall not apply to any person who installs on a vehicle, as part of an emergency service rendered to a vehicle upon a highway, a spare tire with which such disabled vehicle was equipped.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 27501(b) No person shall use on a highway a pneumatic tire which is not in conformance with such regulations.

Section § 27502

Explanation

This law makes it illegal for anyone selling tires, whether a dealer or someone with a retail seller’s permit, to sell or even offer tires that don't meet certain safety standards specified by related regulations. This applies to tires intended for vehicles used on highways.

No dealer or person holding a retail seller’s permit shall sell, offer for sale, expose for sale, or install on a vehicle for use on a highway, a tire which is not in compliance with regulations adopted pursuant to Section 27503.

Section § 27503

Explanation

This section requires the commissioner to hold public hearings and then create rules about how noisy tires can be. These noise rules must balance being quiet with what’s possible based on current technology, costs, and safety needs. These rules can be different for various types of tires and vehicles. Manufacturers have to prove to the commissioner that their tires meet these noise rules, and the commissioner can check them to ensure compliance. The commissioner must file these rules with the Legislature after a federal study on tire noise is available and they will take effect a year after filing.

The law also emphasizes that the commissioner should consider recommendations from the U.S. Department of Transportation before setting these noise standards independently.

(a)CA Vehicle Code § 27503(a) The commissioner, after public hearings, shall adopt regulations setting noise standards for pneumatic tires. Such standards shall be the lowest level of noise consistent with economic and technological feasibility and with public safety as stated in the regulations adopted pursuant to Section 27500. Such standards may be adopted for each tire-vehicle type combination. The regulations may require the manufacturer to prove to the commissioner that the tire meets the standards, subject to such inspection as the commissioner prescribes. The regulations shall be filed with the Legislature eight months after the federal study on tire noise is available, and shall become operative one year after such filing.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 27503(b) It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this section that the commissioner shall consider recommendations of the United States Department of Transportation before developing independent standards for tire noise.