Section § 26450

Explanation

This law requires all motor vehicles to have a service brake system, and all vehicles except motorcycles must also have a parking brake system. These two systems must work separately from each other.

If they are connected, they must be designed so that a failure in most parts doesn't leave the vehicle without operable brakes, except if the failure is in parts like brake drums or shoes.

Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a service brake system and every motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, shall be equipped with a parking brake system. Both the service brake and parking brake shall be separately applied.
If the two systems are connected in any way, they shall be so constructed that failure of any one part, except failure in the drums, brakeshoes, or other mechanical parts of the wheel brake assemblies, shall not leave the motor vehicle without operative brakes.

Section § 26451

Explanation

This law requires every vehicle's parking brake system to be able to keep the vehicle stationary, regardless of how it's loaded, on any grade or incline, as long as the surface is not icy, snowy, or covered in loose debris. The brake must be strong enough to lock the wheels to the limit of traction.

The parking brake can be operated manually by the driver, through spring action, or using a separate energy source dedicated to the parking brake. Once engaged, the parking brake must stay in place using only mechanical means.

The parking brake system of every motor vehicle shall comply with the following requirements:
(a)CA Vehicle Code § 26451(a) The parking brake shall be adequate to hold the vehicle or combination of vehicles stationary on any grade on which it is operated under all conditions of loading on a surface free from snow, ice or loose material. In any event the parking brake shall be capable of locking the braked wheels to the limit of traction.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 26451(b) The parking brake shall be applied either by the driver’s muscular efforts, by spring action, or by other energy which is isolated and used exclusively for the operation of the parking brake or the combination parking brake and emergency stopping system.
(c)CA Vehicle Code § 26451(c) The parking brake shall be held in the applied position solely by mechanical means.

Section § 26452

Explanation

This law requires that all motor vehicles have brakes that can stop the vehicle even if the engine stops working. The brakes must be capable of bringing the car to a halt within the legally required stopping distance.

All motor vehicles shall be so equipped as to permit application of the brakes at least once for the purpose of bringing the vehicle to a stop within the legal stopping distance after the engine has become inoperative.

Section § 26453

Explanation

This law requires that car brakes and their parts are kept in good shape and work properly. Brakes should be adjusted to work as evenly as possible on both sides of the vehicle.

All brakes and component parts thereof shall be maintained in good condition and in good working order. The brakes shall be so adjusted as to operate as equally as practicable with respect to the wheels on opposite sides of the vehicle.

Section § 26454

Explanation

This section specifies the braking requirements for different types of vehicles under various loading conditions. It states that service brakes must be effective enough to stop and hold the vehicle. Each vehicle type, whether passenger-carrying or property-carrying, has specific stopping distances and braking force requirements. The stopping distance for service brakes is defined for speeds of 20 miles per hour, and emergency brakes must also meet specific stopping distances without the help of other brakes. Furthermore, deceleration rates are provided for vehicles to ensure they can stop safely. Testing conditions for these requirements include a flat, dry, and smooth surface.

(a)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(a) The service brakes of every motor vehicle or combination of vehicles shall be adequate to control the movement of and to stop and hold the vehicle or combination of vehicles under all conditions of loading.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(b) Every motor vehicle or combination of vehicles, at any time and under all conditions of loading, shall, upon application of the service brake, be capable of stopping from an initial speed of 20 miles per hour according to the following requirements:
Maximum
Stopping
Distance
(feet)
(1)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(1) Passenger-carrying vehicles with a seating capacity of 10 or fewer persons, including the driver, and built on a passenger car chassis   ........................
20
(2)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(2) Passenger-carrying vehicles with a seating capacity of more than 10 persons, including the driver, and built on a passenger car chassis; vehicles built on a truck or bus chassis and having a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less  ........................
25
(3)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(3) All other passenger-carrying vehicles  ........................
35
(4)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(4) Single-unit property-carrying vehicles having a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less  ........................
25
(5)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(5) Single-unit property-carrying vehicles having a GVWR of more than 10,000 pounds, except truck tractors; combinations of a 2-axle towing vehicle and trailer having a GVWR of 3,000 pounds or less; all combinations of 2 or fewer vehicles in driveaway or towaway operation  ........................
35
(6)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(6) All other property-carrying vehicles and combinations of property-carrying vehicles  ........................
40
(c)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(c) Every motor vehicle or combination of vehicles, at any time and under all conditions of loading, shall, upon application of the service brake, be capable of developing a braking force at least equal to the percentage of its gross weight according to the following requirements:
Braking force as a percentage of gross vehicle or combination weight
(1)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(1) Passenger-carrying vehicles with a seating capacity of 10 or fewer persons, including the driver, and built on a passenger car chassis  ........................
65.2
(2)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(2) Passenger-carrying vehicles with a seating capacity of more than 10 persons, including driver, and built on a passenger car chassis; vehicles built on a truck or bus chassis and having a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less  ........................
52.8
(3)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(3) All other passenger-carrying vehicles   ........................
43.5
(4)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(4) Single-unit property-carrying vehicles having a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less   ........................
52.8
(5)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(5) Single-unit property-carrying vehicles having a GVWR of more than 10,000 pounds, except truck tractors; combinations of a 2-axle towing vehicle and trailer having a GVWR of 3,000 pounds or less; all combinations of 2 or fewer vehicles in driveaway or towaway operation  ........................
43.5
(6)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(6) All other property-carrying vehicles and combinations of property-carrying vehicles  ........................
43.5
(d)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(d) Every motor vehicle or combination of vehicles, at any time and under all conditions off loading, shall, upon application of the service brake, be capable of decelerating to a stop from 20 miles per hour at not less than the rate specified in the following requirements:
Deceleration in
feet per second
(1)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(1) Passenger-carrying vehicles with a seating capacity of 10 or fewer persons, including the driver, and built on a passenger car chassis   ........................
21
(2)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(2) Passenger-carrying vehicles with a seating capacity of more than 10 persons, including the driver, and built on a passenger car chassis; vehicles built on a truck or bus chassis and having a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less  ........................
17
(3)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(3) All other passenger-carrying vehicles  ........................
14
(4)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(4) Single-unit property-carrying vehicles having a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less  ........................
17
(5)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(5) Single-unit property-carrying vehicles having a GVWR of more than 10,000 pounds, except truck tractors; combinations of a 2-axle towing vehicle and trailer having a GVWR of 3,000 pounds or less; all combinations of 2 or fewer vehicles in driveaway or towaway operation  ........................
14
(6)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(6) All other property-carrying vehicles and combinations of property-carrying vehicles  ........................
14
(e)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(e) Upon application of its service brakes, a motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles shall, under any condition of loading in which it is found on a public highway, be capable of stopping within the distance specified in subdivision (b) and developing only the braking force specified in subdivision (c), if braking force is measured by a performance-based brake tester that meets the requirements of functional specifications for performance-based brake testers for commercial motor vehicles and braking force is the sum of the braking force at each wheel of the vehicle or vehicle combination as a percentage of gross vehicle or combination weight.
(f)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(f) Upon application of its emergency brake system and with no other brake system applied, a motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles shall, under any condition of loading in which it is found on a public highway, be capable of stopping from 20 miles per hour in a distance, measured from the point at which movement of the emergency brake control begins, that is not greater than the distance specified in the following:
Maximum
Stopping
Distance
(feet)
(1)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(1) Passenger-carrying vehicles with a seating capacity of 10 or fewer persons, including the driver, and built on a passenger car chassis   ........................
54
(2)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(2) Passenger-carrying vehicles with a seating capacity of more than 10 persons, including the driver, and built on a passenger car chassis; vehicles built on a truck or bus chassis and having a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less  ........................
66
(3)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(3) All other passenger-carrying vehicles  ........................
85
(4)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(4) Single-unit property-carrying vehicles having a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less  ........................
66
(5)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(5) Single-unit property-carrying vehicles having a GVWR of more than 10,000 pounds, except truck tractors; combinations of a 2-axle towing vehicle and trailer having a GVWR of 3,000 pounds or less; all combinations of 2 or fewer vehicles in driveaway or towaway operation  ........................
85
(6)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(6) All other property-carrying vehicles and combinations of property-carrying vehicles  ........................
90
(g)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(g) Conformity to the stopping-distance requirements of this section shall be determined under the following conditions:
(1)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(g)(1) Any test shall be made with the vehicle on a hard surface that is substantially level, dry, smooth, and free of loose material.
(2)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(g)(2) The vehicle shall be in the center of a 12-foot-wide lane when the test begins and shall not deviate from that lane during the test.
(h)CA Vehicle Code § 26454(h) For purposes of this section, “GVWR” means the manufacturer’s gross vehicle weight rating, as defined in Section 350.

Section § 26455

Explanation

This law explains how to determine the weight classification for stopping distance requirements of certain motor vehicles used to carry goods, which lack a manufacturer's weight rating plate. If a vehicle has less than six wheels, it counts as weighing less than 10,000 pounds. If it has six or more wheels, it counts as weighing 10,000 pounds or more.

In respect to any motor vehicle designed, used or maintained primarily for the transportation of property which is not equipped with a plate or marker showing the manufacturer’s gross vehicle weight rating, for purposes of stopping distance requirements, the weight of a vehicle shall be determined as follows:
(a)CA Vehicle Code § 26455(a) Any motor vehicle having less than six wheels is the equivalent of a vehicle having a manufacturer’s gross vehicle weight rating of less than 10,000 pounds.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 26455(b) Any motor vehicle having six wheels or more is the equivalent of a vehicle having a manufacturer’s gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or more.

Section § 26456

Explanation

This section specifies the conditions under which stopping distance tests for vehicles should be conducted. The tests must be performed on flat, dry, and smooth surfaces without loose debris and should start from a speed of about 20 miles per hour. Additionally, such tests should not be done at speeds greater than 25 miles per hour on a highway.

Stopping distance requirement tests shall be conducted on a substantially level, dry, smooth, hard-surfaced road that is free from loose material and where the grade does not exceed plus or minus 1 percent. Stopping distance shall be measured from the instant brake controls are moved and from an initial speed of approximately 20 miles per hour. No test of brake performance shall be made upon a highway at a speed in excess of 25 miles per hour.

Section § 26457

Explanation

This law states that certain types of vehicles, like special mobile equipment, logging vehicles, vehicles with a special permit, or those without a body or load, don't have to meet standard stopping distance rules. However, if any of these vehicles can't stop within 32 feet from a speed of 15 mph, they must not be driven faster than a speed that would allow them to stop within 32 feet.

Special mobile equipment, logging vehicles, equipment operated under special permit, and any chassis without body or load are not subject to stopping distance requirements, but if any such vehicle or equipment cannot be stopped within 32 feet from an initial speed of 15 miles per hour, it shall not be operated at a speed in excess of that permitting a stop in 32 feet.

Section § 26458

Explanation

If you're towing a vehicle, the brake system should be organized so that the towing vehicle's brakes control all the service brakes on both vehicles. This applies if the towing vehicle or the towed vehicle has power brakes.

However, it's okay to have an extra control to operate just the brakes on the trailer. This rule doesn't apply to certain vehicle combinations, like those in towing operations or disabled vehicles being towed, as long as they meet specific stopping distance requirements. There are also exceptions for trailers with special brakes that can activate if they detach and hold for 15 minutes.

(a)CA Vehicle Code § 26458(a) The braking system on every motor vehicle used to tow another vehicle shall be so arranged that one control on the towing vehicle shall, when applied, operate all the service brakes on the power unit and combination of vehicles when either or both of the following conditions exist:
(1)CA Vehicle Code § 26458(a)(1) The towing vehicle is required to be equipped with power brakes.
(2)CA Vehicle Code § 26458(a)(2) The towed vehicle is required to be equipped with brakes and is equipped with power brakes.
(b)CA Vehicle Code § 26458(b) Subdivision (a) shall not be construed to prohibit motor vehicles from being equipped with an additional control to be used to operate the brakes on the trailer or trailers.
(c)CA Vehicle Code § 26458(c) Subdivision (a) does not apply to any of the following combinations of vehicles, if the combination of vehicles meets the stopping distance requirements of Section 26454:
(1)CA Vehicle Code § 26458(c)(1) Vehicles engaged in driveaway-towaway operations.
(2)CA Vehicle Code § 26458(c)(2) Disabled vehicles, while being towed.
(3)CA Vehicle Code § 26458(c)(3) Towed motor vehicles.
(4)CA Vehicle Code § 26458(c)(4) Trailers equipped with inertially controlled brakes which are designed to be applied automatically upon breakaway from the towing vehicle and which are capable of stopping and holding the trailer stationary for not less than 15 minutes.

Section § 26458.5

Explanation

This law states that if your vehicle has a separate brake control for a trailer, you can't use it instead of your main vehicle brakes unless the main brake system fails.

Pursuant to Section 26458, whenever a motor vehicle is equipped with an additional control to operate the brakes on a trailer, that control shall not be used in lieu of the service brake control, except in the case of failure of the service brake system.