Section § 601

Explanation

This law requires the assessor to create a detailed list, called an assessment roll, that includes all the property in the county that they are responsible for evaluating.

The assessor shall prepare an assessment roll, as directed by the board, in which shall be listed all property within the county which it is the assessor’s duty to assess.

Section § 602

Explanation

This law outlines what must be included on a local tax roll for property assessment purposes. The roll should list the name and address of the property owner, if known, but not their email address. It must describe land with legal details and identify any possessory interests, which are rights to use the property. Personal property should be listed, but lacking detail won't invalidate the entry. It should show assessed values for land, improvements, and any interests like leased properties. Additionally, it lists the specific area (revenue district) of the property and sums up the taxable value, excluding intangibles.

This local roll shall show:
(a)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(a) The name and address, if known, of the assessee. The assessor is not required to maintain electronic mail addresses.
(b)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(b) Land, by legal description.
(c)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(c) A description of possessory interests sufficient to identify them.
(d)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(d) Personal property. A failure to enumerate personal property in detail does not invalidate the assessment.
(e)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(e) The assessed value of real estate, except improvements.
(f)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(f) The assessed value of improvements on the real estate.
(g)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(g) The assessed value of improvements assessed to any person other than the owner of the land.
(h)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(h) The assessed value of possessory interests.
(i)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(i) The assessed value of personal property, other than intangibles.
(j)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(j) The revenue district in which each piece of property assessed is situated.
(k)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(k) The total taxable value of all property assessed, exclusive of intangibles.
(l)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 602(l) Any other things required by the board.

Section § 606

Explanation

This law explains how a piece of land split across multiple tax areas should be assessed. Normally, each part of the land is assessed separately for each area it occupies. However, if the same person owns neighboring parcels and one parcel is valued under $50,000, it can be combined with the adjacent parcel that has the highest value. Additionally, if the neighboring parcels are used as one single-family home and cover 45,000 square feet or less, the smallest parcel can be combined with the largest one.

(a)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 606(a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), when any tract of land is situated in two or more revenue districts, the part in each district shall be separately assessed.
(b)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 606(b) Where the owner of two or more contiguous parcels comprising the tract is identical, and the full value of any parcel is less than fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), that parcel may be combined with the contiguous parcel with the greatest assessed valuation.
(c)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 606(c) Where the owner of two or more contiguous parcels comprising the tract is identical, and the tract of land is being used for a single-family residence and constitutes 45,000 square feet or less, the smallest parcel may be combined with the largest contiguous parcel.

Section § 607

Explanation

This law states that land and any buildings or improvements on that land must be valued and taxed separately.

Land and improvements thereon shall be separately assessed.

Section § 607.5

Explanation

This law clarifies what the terms "mining rights" or "mineral rights" mean when they're listed on a property assessment. These rights include entering the land to explore, develop, and produce minerals like oil, gas, and other hydrocarbons.

In the event that a separate assessment of rights and privileges appertaining to mines or minerals and land is made, the descriptive words “mining rights” or “mineral rights” on the assessment roll shall include the right to enter in or upon the land for the exploration, development and production of minerals, including oil, gas, and other hydrocarbons.

Section § 608

Explanation

This section states that property improvements, like buildings or structures, should be valued separately and listed next to the land they sit on. This only applies if the owner of the land and improvements is the same person.

Improvements shall be assessed by the assessor by showing their value opposite the description of the parcel of land on which they are located, if they are assessed to the same assessee.

Section § 609

Explanation

This law states that when there are taxable improvements, like buildings, on land that is otherwise tax-exempt, those improvements must still be listed as taxable on property records.

However, no tax value should be assigned to the exempt land itself, and the land cannot be held accountable for any taxes owed on the improvements.

Taxable improvements on land exempt from taxation shall be shown like other real estate on the roll. Value shall not be assessed against the exempt land and the land does not become responsible for the assessment made against the taxable improvements.

Section § 610

Explanation

This law explains that if a piece of land is already listed on the property tax roll, it doesn't need to be listed again. However, if someone wants to be named as the person responsible for paying taxes on it, they can ask for their name to be added to the tax records alongside the current record holder's name.

To do so, they must prove their claim to the property by providing the assessor with specific documents. These include a certified deed or judgment showing ownership, a certified document showing a security interest in the property, or a signed declaration under oath that they possess the property and want to claim it through adverse possession.

(a)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 610(a) Land once described on the roll need not be described a second time, but any person, claiming and desiring to be assessed for it, may have his or her name inserted with that of the assessee.
(b)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 610(b) A person is “claiming” property for purposes of subdivision (a) only if he or she provides the assessor with one of the following supporting documents:
(1)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 610(b)(1) A certified copy of a deed, judgment, or other instrument that creates or legally verifies that person’s ownership interest in the property.
(2)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 610(b)(2) A certified copy of a document creating that person’s security interest in the property.
(3)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 610(b)(3) His or her declaration, under penalty of perjury, that he or she currently has possession of the property and intends to be assessed for the property in order to perfect a claim in adverse possession.

Section § 611

Explanation

This section explains that if the property owner's name is known to the assessor or recorded with the county recorder, the property should be assessed to that owner. If the owner is unknown, the property will be assessed to 'unknown owners.'

If the name of an absent owner is known to the assessor, or in the case of real property, if it appears of record in the office of the county recorder, the property shall be assessed to such owner; otherwise, the property shall be assessed to unknown owners.

Section § 612

Explanation

This law says that if someone is assessed for taxes or other financial obligations while acting on behalf of someone else—like an agent, trustee, or guardian—their role should be mentioned alongside their name. This assessment should be kept separate from any assessments for them personally.

When a person is assessed as agent, trustee, bailee, guardian, conservator, executor, or administrator, his representative designation shall be added to his name, and the assessment entered separately from his individual assessment.

Section § 613

Explanation

This law says that if the name of a property owner is mistaken in public records or during a tax sale, it doesn't invalidate the assessment or the sale, as long as the mistake doesn't prevent the owner from figuring out they are the assessee. This applies to both real estate and properties on the unsecured roll.

A mistake in the name of the owner or supposed owner of real estate does not render invalid an assessment or any deed to a purchaser at a tax sale.
A mistake in the name of an owner or supposed owner of property on the unsecured roll which does not prevent the person from reasonably ascertaining that he or she is the assessee does not render invalid an assessment or any tax sale.

Section § 614

Explanation

When a property's taxes are not paid and it becomes tax-defaulted, the tax assessor must record this status and the date it was declared on the official tax record.

After each assessment of tax-defaulted property the assessor shall enter on the roll the fact that it is tax defaulted and the date of the declaration of default.

Section § 615

Explanation

This law requires the assessor to create an index related to the local property tax roll. The index must list the names of people who are assessed, where their assessments appear on the roll, and any other details the board requires. This index must be given to the tax collector before they receive the extended roll.

The assessor shall prepare an index to the local roll, in the form prescribed by the board, showing the name of the assessee, each place therein where his assessment appears, and any other information required by the board. This index shall be delivered to the tax collector on or before the delivery of the extended roll.

Section § 616

Explanation

Every year, by July 1, the county assessor must complete the property tax assessment roll and sign an affidavit confirming they've properly assessed all taxable property. This affidavit states they've assessed property fairly and followed all legal duties without bias.

Although the assessor is required to make this affidavit, not doing so doesn't invalidate the assessments. Also, assessors can ask their deputies to sign a similar affidavit.

On or before July 1, annually, the assessor shall complete the local roll. He shall make and subscribe an affidavit on the roll substantially as follows:
“I, ____, Assessor of ____ County, swear that between the lien date and July 1, 19____, I have made diligent inquiry and examination to ascertain all the property within the county subject to assessment by me, and that it has been assessed on the roll, according to the best of my judgment, information, and belief, at its value as required by law; and that I have faithfully complied with all the duties imposed on the assessor under the revenue laws; and that I have not imposed any unjust or double assessment through malice, ill will, or otherwise; nor allowed anyone to escape a just and equal assessment through favor, reward, or otherwise.”
The failure to make or subscribe this affidavit, or any affidavit, does not affect the validity of the assessment.
The assessor may require from any of his deputies an affidavit on the roll similar to his own.

Section § 617

Explanation

Once the assessor has finished preparing the local property tax roll, they must hand it over to the auditor.

As soon as the assessor completes the local roll, he shall deliver it to the auditor.

Section § 618

Explanation

This law states that if a property tax assessment roll is prepared using a machine (like a computer), the state board has the authority to decide what information it includes and how the properties are organized within it.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of state law, when the assessment roll is a machine-prepared roll the contents of the roll and the arrangement of property on the roll may be prescribed by the board.

Section § 619

Explanation

This law requires assessors to inform property owners if their property's assessed value has increased from the previous year. Property owners must be notified about this increase either by mail or email, and they must also receive information on how to protest their assessment and the procedures involved. However, if there is an increase due to standard inflation (up to 2%) or changes in assessment ratios, notifications are not required. Missing this notification does not impact the validity of the assessment or any taxes owed.

(a)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 619(a) Except as provided in subdivision (f), the assessor shall, upon or prior to completion of the local roll, do either of the following:
(1)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 619(a)(1) Inform each assessee of real property on the local secured roll whose property’s full value has increased over its full value for the prior year of the assessed value of that property as it shall appear on the completed local roll.
(2)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 619(a)(2) Inform each assessee of real property on the local secured roll, or each assessee on the local secured roll and each assessee on the unsecured roll, of the assessed value of his or her real property or of both his or her real and his or her personal property as it shall appear on the completed local roll.
(b)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 619(b) The information given by the assessor to the assessee pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of subdivision (a) shall include a notification of hearings by the county board of equalization, which shall include the period during which assessment protests will be accepted and the place where they may be filed. The information shall also include an explanation of the stipulation procedure set forth in Section 1607 and the manner in which the assessee may request use of this procedure.
(c)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 619(c) In the case of an increase in a property’s full value that is determined pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) over the property’s full value determined for the prior year in accordance with paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 51, the information shall also include the base year value of the property, compounded annually from the base year to the current year by the appropriate inflation factors.
(d)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 619(d) The information shall be furnished by the assessor to the assessee by regular United States mail directed to him or her at his or her latest address known to the assessor. The assessor may choose to accept a written request from the assessee to provide the information by electronic mail in lieu of by regular United States mail.
(e)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 619(e) Neither the failure of the assessee to receive the information nor the failure of the assessor to so inform the assessee shall in any way affect the validity of any assessment or the validity of any taxes levied pursuant thereto.
(f)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 619(f) This section shall not apply to annual increases in the valuation of property which reflect the inflation rate, not to exceed 2 percent, pursuant to the authority of subdivision (b) of Section 2 of Article XIII A of the California Constitution, for purposes of property tax limitation determinations.
(g)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 619(g) This section does not apply to increases in assessed value caused solely by changes in the assessment ratio provided for in Section 401.
(h)CA Revenue & Taxation Code § 619(h) This section shall become operative on January 1, 1999.

Section § 619.2

Explanation

If personal property is listed on the secured roll and its assessed value is over $1,000 (excluding household items), the assessor can notify the property owner of its full and assessed value by July 15. This will include the ratio used for the assessment.

If the owner doesn't receive this notice, they can pay their taxes under protest and seek adjustment or equalization of the assessment, similar to the process described in another section.

Where the personal property on the secured roll of a person not required to file a property statement pursuant to Section 441 is assessed in excess of one thousand dollars ($1,000), excluding household furnishings and personal effects, the assessor, on or before July 15, may notify the assessee of the full value, the assessed value of such property, and the ratio used in the manner prescribed by Sections 619 and 619.1.
If the assessee does not receive notice of the assessment pursuant to this section, the assessee may pay taxes based upon such assessment under protest and obtain equalization of the assessment in the same manner as set forth in Section 620.

Section § 620

Explanation

This law states that if a property owner in California doesn't receive a tax notice for a new or increased property value, they can pay their property taxes 'under protest'. This means they disagree with the tax assessment and want it reconsidered. To officially protest, they need to submit a petition to the county board for a reduced assessment. The board may then hold a hearing to discuss this protest. If the board agrees that the assessment was too high, they will adjust it, and the correct tax based on the new assessment is applied. If this new tax is less than what was initially charged, the property owner will owe only the lower amount, and any difference will be canceled or refunded if already paid.

The county is allowed to hold contested tax payments in a special account, but doesn’t have to. This provides a process for property owners to challenge tax bills that they believe are incorrect without having to repeat the protest for installment tax payments.

If the assessor does not send a notice pursuant to Section 619 or 621 to an assessee whose property was not on the prior year’s secured roll, or to an assessee of real property on the local secured roll whose property’s full value has increased, then the assessee may pay taxes under protest. If payments are made in installments, the protest need not be repeated with the second installment. Protests shall be made by filing with the clerk of the county board, a petition for assessment reduction on the form prescribed by the county board. The county board may, after receipt of the petition for assessment reduction, hold a public hearing at the next regular board meeting, notice of time and place of which shall be sent to the person paying the tax under protest at the address stated in the protest or if no such address is stated, then to the address of the assessee according to the last equalized assessment roll. If the taxes are so paid and the assessee has not previously applied for a reduction of the assessment, the county board, at its next annual meeting as an equalization board, shall equalize the assessment in the manner prescribed by Article 1 (commencing with Section 1601) of Chapter 1 of Part 3 of this division.
The tax rate fixed for property on the roll on which the property so equalized appears at the time of its original assessment shall be applied to the amount of the equalized assessment, determined in accordance with the preceding paragraph. In the event that the resulting figure is less than the tax computed, the taxpayer shall be liable for tax only for the lesser amount, and the difference shall be canceled. If the taxpayer has already paid the tax previously computed, the difference shall be refunded to him or her pursuant to Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 5096) of Part 9 of this division, as an erroneously collected tax.
If any taxes are paid under protest pursuant to this section, the taxing agency to which the taxes are paid may, in accordance with Section 26906.1 of the Government Code, impound those taxes until the final disposition of the claim or action respecting the protest. No impounding of taxes is required.

Section § 621

Explanation

This law allows county assessors, with the approval of the board of supervisors, to provide property assessment information through alternatives to mail. This can include publishing in newspapers or posting online. For very large counties, the assessor may split the county into up to five publication areas, publishing complete data from one area each year, with changes in assessments for all areas printed annually. The choice of publication media follows similar rules as publishing overdue tax lists. Importantly, even if the property owner doesn't receive this information, it doesn't invalidate the assessment or tax charges.

In any county the assessor, with the approval of the board of supervisors, may give the information required by Section 619, and similar information with reference to personal property, as an alternative to giving the information by United States mail, by having published lists of assessments in newspapers, or by posting the information to the assessor’s Internet Web site, or any combination of the above. In counties of more than 4 million population and counties of more than 1 million population, as determined by the July 1, 1965, Department of Finance revised estimate, which are contiguous to a county with more than 4 million population, the assessor, with the approval of the board of supervisors, may divide the county into publication areas not to exceed five in number. Within such areas the assessment listing may be grouped by assessment map books, by post office zones or by such other arrangements as may be determined by the assessor as most likely to give notice to assessees and as practicable for publication in local newspapers. The complete assessment data of one such area may be printed in one year, and for other areas in successive years as directed by him or her until the full county is covered. Each year at least all changes of assessment listings for all the areas shall be printed, together with a notice that no changes were made with regard to properties not on the list of changes, so that all changes will be on a current basis for the entire county. Newspapers for the publications shall be selected as they are for publication of the delinquent tax lists and the rate paid for the advertising shall be the same.
Neither the failure of the assessee to receive this information nor the failure of the assessor to so inform the assessee shall in any way affect the validity of any assessment or the validity of any taxes levied pursuant thereto.

Section § 623

Explanation

This law allows the tax assessor to group all leased personal property owned by the same taxpayer into one assessment entry in the county's tax roll. Unless there is proof showing differently, this property is considered to be located at the taxpayer's main office in that county.

The assessor may place a single assessment on the roll for all leased personal property in the county that is assessed with respect to the same taxpayer. Any property assessed pursuant to this section shall, in the absence of evidence establishing otherwise, be deemed to be located at the taxpayer’s primary place of business within the county.