Chapter 6Limitations
Section § 21165
If a project involves more than one public agency, the lead agency will determine if the project might significantly impact the environment and, if necessary, prepare an environmental impact report. If there's a disagreement between agencies about who is the lead, the Office of Planning and Research can decide who it is within 21 days.
A dispute is when multiple agencies argue about who should prepare the environmental document, with some saying they should do it, and others saying they shouldn’t. The Office of Planning and Research only steps in to designate a lead agency if there is an active dispute.
Section § 21166
Once an environmental impact report (EIR) is completed for a project, no additional reports are needed unless specific changes or new information arise. If there are major changes to the project, significant changes in the project's circumstances, or new information that wasn't available when the EIR was finalized, a new or supplemental report might be required.
Section § 21166.1
If a lead agency decides to create an environmental impact report for a specific area or multiple projects, this does not mean the environmental documents for a single project in that area or among those projects are automatically considered insufficient or lacking.
Section § 21166.2
This law states that a particular environmental review process used for the Klamath River Project in California is considered sufficient for meeting environmental regulations for removing hydroelectric dams and related activities. This is valid if three conditions are met: the dams removed are upstream of designated wild, scenic, or recreational river segments; no significant downstream dams hinder fish migration; and the environmental review was certified, approved over 180 days before the law's effective date, and not legally challenged within the required timeline.
Section § 21166.3
This law states that for any public project aimed at providing public access to Hollister Ranch's coastline, the environmental review outlined in the final environmental report will be considered sufficient and final. This means no further environmental reviews are needed, provided the project is related to public access or related facilities and is carried out or approved by a public agency.
Section § 21167
This section outlines the timeframes for starting legal actions against public agencies in California about environmental decisions. If a public agency is thought to have neglected to determine or improperly determined the environmental impact of a project, a lawsuit must be filed within specific time limits. For general project approvals, you have 180 days to act. If an environmental impact report is involved or other specific notices are required, actions must be filed within 30 or 35 days after the filing of such notices. Additionally, if someone requested a notice of the project decision, the agency must mail it to them within five days, though this doesn't change the legal deadlines for filing challenges.
Section § 21167.1
This law section ensures that certain environmental law cases are prioritized over other civil cases in California courts. It requires these cases to be heard and resolved quickly, ideally starting appeal hearings within one year of filing. Superior courts in counties with more than 200,000 people must have judges who specialize in these issues to facilitate quick resolutions. Additionally, if a case under this law is joined with other legal issues, a court can decide whether to split the cases based on considerations like efficiency and fairness to those involved.
Section § 21167.2
If no one challenges an environmental impact report during the specific time frame set by law, then it is assumed to meet all legal requirements for use by other agencies. This presumption holds unless different rules in another section apply.
Section § 21167.3
This law section addresses what happens when there's a legal challenge about whether an environmental impact report or a negative declaration meets certain legal standards. If a case is filed during the specified time and a court order stops the project, agencies must conditionally approve or disapprove the project. This means the project can only move forward if the court decides the report or declaration is legally sound.
If the case doesn't result in a court order to stop the project, agencies must decide to approve or disapprove the project based on the assumption that the report or declaration is lawful. This approval lets the project proceed, but at the applicant’s own risk while the legal case is unresolved.
Section § 21167.4
If you're filing a lawsuit claiming someone didn't follow this environmental regulation, you must ask for a court hearing within 90 days, or your case might be dismissed. You also need to notify everyone involved when you request the hearing.
Once you ask for a hearing, the court will set dates for submitting written arguments and for the hearing itself. Usually, all arguments should be submitted within 90 days, and the hearing should happen within 30 days after that, if possible. However, if there's a good reason, like needing more information or if the case is complex, this timeline might change. Everyone can agree to a different timeline if the court is okay with it. This rule has been in effect since January 1, 2016.
Section § 21167.5
When you start a legal action against a public agency regarding a project they are involved with or approved, you must send them a notice by mail. You also need to prove you've done this by submitting that proof alongside your first official legal documents in the case.
Section § 21167.6
This law outlines the steps and rules for preparing the official record of a legal case when someone challenges a public agency's environmental decisions. The person filing the lawsuit must ask the agency to prepare the records right when the case is filed and notify the agency within 10 business days. The agency has 60 days to certify and provide these records, or it can agree with the filers on who prepares them.
If the agency cannot meet the deadline due to record size or complexity, they can request an extension from the court, which is typically granted. If deadlines are still missed, the person filing can ask the court to punish the agency with sanctions. The records must include all relevant documents about the project, excluding privileged communications.
If there’s an appeal, the superior court provides transcripts in 60 days if costs are covered. Briefs for appeals have limited extension days unless settlement is likely. The process aims to maintain transparency with manageable costs.
Section § 21167.7
If you're filing a lawsuit under Section 21167, you must follow the rules outlined in Section 388 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This includes sending copies of any changes to your legal documents, like amendments or supplements, to the Attorney General. You won't be able to get any court orders or decisions, either temporary or permanent, until you've sent these documents to the Attorney General.
Section § 21167.8
If you're involved in a legal dispute with a public agency in California under Section 21167, the agency has 20 days to notify all parties about a meeting to try to settle the case. This meeting has to be set within 45 days of receiving your complaint. They'll mail notice of the meeting to all parties or their lawyers.
During the meeting, you must all talk through the issues and try to settle the dispute. This conversation should cover all legal matters related to the case. The meeting can continue over several sessions, but it won't delay other legal deadlines.
If the case isn't settled, the court might schedule another settlement conference with a different judge, unless it's a one-judge county.
If any party doesn't join the settlement talks without a good reason, they might face penalties from the court.
Finally, both the person bringing the lawsuit and the other involved parties must share what issues they will discuss at trial or in briefs at specific times during the process.
Section § 21167.9
If you bring a case to the superior court under this division, it might be required to go through mediation. This mediation follows the rules set out in a specific part of the Government Code, starting with Section 66030.
Section § 21168
If you want to challenge a decision made by a public agency—like nullifying it or questioning its legality—because you believe there was an issue with the required legal process (such as a hearing or fact-finding), you have to follow certain legal procedures outlined in another law (Section 1094.5).
When the court reviews such a case, it won't re-evaluate the evidence on its own. Instead, it'll check if there's enough evidence to support the agency's decision as a whole.
Section § 21168.5
This law section explains that if someone wants to challenge or overturn a decision made by a public agency (other than specific cases under Section 21168), the investigation will focus on whether there was a significant misuse of judgment by the agency. An agency is considered to have abused its discretion if it didn't follow the legal procedures required or if there's no substantial evidence backing its decisions.
Section § 21168.6
This law states that if someone wants to challenge a decision by the Public Utilities Commission in California under the specific legal sections mentioned, they must go through the Supreme Court to seek a writ of mandate. A writ of mandate is an order from a court telling a government agency to correctly follow the law.
Section § 21168.7
This section states that Sections 21168 and 21168.5 clarify the existing laws about how courts can review decisions made by public agencies under this division. Basically, it reaffirms the legal framework for judicial review of such decisions.
Section § 21168.9
This section explains what a court can do if a public agency doesn't follow the rules in this division. If the court finds a problem with the agency's decision, it can order actions like voiding the decision or stopping certain project activities until they meet the legal requirements.
The court will only issue orders necessary to fix the specific issues and make sure the agency complies with the law. The court can choose to fix only parts of a decision if they can be separated and don't affect overall compliance. The court keeps watching the agency's efforts to ensure they fix things properly.
However, the court can't tell the agency exactly how to make decisions, except as specified. The court's power is not limited by this section, meaning it can still use its judgment in other equitable ways.
Section § 21169
This section states that certain projects, as defined by another law, that were started or approved by public authorities before a specific date are considered legally valid even if they didn't fully follow environmental laws, as long as they are otherwise lawful.
It also applies to projects supported by public agency contracts before that date, ensuring their legality regardless of any oversights in environmental compliance.
Section § 21173
This law says that if one part of this legal division is found to be invalid or unenforceable for someone or something, it doesn't affect the rest of the law. The other parts can still work without the problematic section, and that's the intent. Essentially, each part of this legal division can stand on its own.
Section § 21174
This section makes it clear that nothing in this division restricts the authority of public agencies in enforcing the laws they are responsible for. Even when there is a conflict between laws in this division and the California Coastal Act, the Coastal Act will take precedence.
Section § 21177
This law outlines conditions under which a person or group can challenge a project for not complying with environmental regulations. To bring an action, objections must have been presented to the public agency during the public comment period or before the project was approved. If you didn’t object during this time, you generally can’t later sue, unless certain exceptions apply. One exception allows newly formed organizations to sue if one of their members previously objected. The Attorney General is not restricted by these rules. Additionally, these limits don’t apply if there wasn’t a chance for public objections or if proper notice wasn’t given by the agency.
Section § 21167.6.2
This law outlines the process for preparing the record of proceedings for certain projects under environmental review. If a project applicant requests it in writing and the lead agency agrees, the agency must prepare this record along with the project's administrative process.
The records, including the draft environmental documents and subsequent submissions, must be available online for public access. Comments should also be submitted and made available electronically. Within a few days, any non-digital comments received must be converted to an electronic format.
The final document must include a notice mentioning these requirements. Any disputes about the records are resolved in court, and the applicant must cover the agency’s costs for handling the records.
Requests are considered denied if not addressed by the lead agency within a specific timeframe. Certain information, like trade secrets and archaeological site locations, is exempt from being disclosed.
Section § 21167.6.5
This law section explains the responsibilities of a petitioner or plaintiff when starting legal actions related to environmental projects. They must name and notify certain parties involved, called real parties in interest, within 20 business days of serving the complaint on the public agency. The public agency then has 10 business days to provide a list of other agencies responsible for the project. The petitioner must inform these agencies within 15 days of receiving the list. If other interested parties are not named, it won't lead to the case being dismissed. Additionally, this law does not impact anyone's existing right to join the case as an intervenor.
Section § 21168.6.6
This law sets conditions for certifying and streamlining construction projects at media campuses in Los Angeles. Projects must invest at least $1 billion, meet environmental standards like LEED Gold, and not add greenhouse gas emissions. They must also benefit disadvantaged communities and create many high-wage jobs. The project should minimize vehicle use and comply with waste laws. Costs for court proceedings and record preparations must be covered by the applicant.
The process involves preparing an environmental impact report, holding public comment periods, and potentially engaging in mediation. The lead agency is responsible for making all documents accessible, handling comments, and resolving disputes through court-defined processes. Any required mitigation measures must benefit affected communities and adhere to specified guidelines. Additionally, rules should ensure all procedures happen swiftly, ideally within a year.
Section § 21168.6.7
This law outlines the regulations and conditions for the development of a sports center and mixed-use project in Oakland, specifically at the Howard Terminal site, to become the new home of the Oakland Athletics. It includes criteria like environmental sustainability standards such as LEED Gold certification, greenhouse gas reduction measures, and a transportation management plan to reduce vehicle trips by 20%.
The project must also comply with bird safety measures and offer community benefits like local employment and affordable housing. A key part of the process is the preparation and review of an environmental impact report with public involvement through workshops and hearings, and opportunities for mediation.
Contractors and subcontractors working on the project are required to pay prevailing wages, and the project must create high-wage jobs for local residents. The Governor can certify the project for expedited processing if these conditions are met. Furthermore, the environmental report must follow specific procedures to streamline any legal challenges related to the project's environmental impacts.
In case of any disputes over the environmental documentation or project records, the law provides processes for resolving these through courts.
Section § 21168.6.8
This law outlines the requirements for an 18,000 to 20,000-seat arena project in Inglewood, designed for NBA games and other events. The project must meet environmental, construction, and job standards, including attaining LEED gold certification and implementing a transportation management plan to reduce vehicle trips by 15% by 2030. It also mandates projects to contribute at least $100 million to California's economy, create high-wage jobs, and ensure no increase in greenhouse gas emissions.
The Governor can certify the project for streamlined approval if these conditions are met. These include ongoing environmental impact reporting, reducing local emissions, and using specific mitigation measures. A binding agreement to comply with these requirements is necessary for project approval, and there are specific rules for quick court processing of any legal challenges related to environmental reports or project approvals. This statute also disallows new gambling establishments.
“THE APPLICANT HAS ELECTED TO PROCEED UNDER SECTION 21168.6.8 OF THE PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE, WHICH PROVIDES, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THAT ANY JUDICIAL ACTION CHALLENGING THE CERTIFICATION OF THE EIR OR THE APPROVAL OF THE PROJECT DESCRIBED IN THE EIR IS SUBJECT TO THE PROCEDURES SET FORTH IN SECTION 21186.6.8 OF THE PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE. A COPY OF SECTION 21168.6.8 OF THE PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE IS INCLUDED BELOW
Section § 21168.6.9
The law defines an environmental leadership transit project as one that includes zero-emission fixed guideways and meets certain environmental and sustainability criteria, like reducing greenhouse gas emissions and vehicle miles traveled. Projects must align with sustainable and regional plans and be located in Los Angeles County. Moreover, the project must use sustainable infrastructure practices guided by recognized standards.
Project applicants must comply with specific environmental codes, agree to enforceable environmental mitigation measures, cover potential legal costs, and ensure a skilled and trained workforce, particularly if not governed by a project labor agreement. Public agencies involved must contractually bind all workers to these standards.
Private entities need to certify compliance with prevailing wage laws and ensure a skilled workforce. The planning process involves public workshops, hearings, and a strict timeline for judicial review. Draft and final environmental reports must be made electronically accessible; there are guidelines on public commenting, and mandatory mediation for disputes.
The law is time-sensitive, applying to only the first seven qualifying projects approved before January 1, 2025, and it will be repealed on January 1, 2026.