Section § 445

Explanation

This law permits the Marine Exchange of Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor, Inc. to run a vessel traffic service (VTS) for certain waters near Los Angeles. The service is overseen by the United States Coast Guard and covers a specific area known as the VTS area, which includes the waters within 25 nautical miles of Point Fermin Light, such as San Pedro Bay, San Pedro Channel, and Santa Monica Bay.

(a)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 445(a) The Marine Exchange of Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor, Inc., hereafter referred to as the marine exchange, a corporation organized under the Non-Profit Mutual Benefit Corporation Law, Part 3 (commencing with Section 7110) of Division 2 of Title 1 of the Corporations Code, may operate a vessel traffic service, in cooperation with, and subject to the supervision of, the United States Coast Guard, for the waters of San Pedro Bay, San Pedro Channel, and Santa Monica Bay, within a radius of 25 nautical miles of the Point Fermin Light. These waters shall be known in this article as the “VTS area.”
(b)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 445(b) This article applies only to the VTS area.

Section § 445.5

Explanation

This section defines what a "covered vessel" is for specific regulations. It includes power-driven vessels that are 40 meters or longer, towing vessels that are 8 meters or longer, and vessels certified to carry 50 or more passengers for hire when they are in operation.

“Covered vessel,” as used in this article, means any of the following:
(a)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 445.5(a) Every power-driven vessel of 40 meters (approximately 131 feet) or more in length, while navigating.
(b)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 445.5(b) Every towing vessel of 8 meters (approximately 26 feet) or more in length, while navigating. “Towing vessel,” as used in this article, means any commercial vessel engaged in towing another vessel astern or alongside or by pushing it ahead.
(c)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 445.5(c) Every vessel issued a certificate to carry 50 or more passengers for hire, when engaged in trade.

Section § 446

Explanation

Before entering a Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) area, ships need to tell a marine exchange their name, call sign, location, direction, speed, destination, arrival time, and any issues with how the ship is working or being steered. While moving through a VTS area, ships must also follow additional rules listed in another section.

Prior to entering the VTS area, every covered vessel shall report to the marine exchange the vessel’s name, call sign, location, course, speed, destination, estimated time of arrival, and any impairment to the operation or navigation of the vessel, and, while transiting the VTS area, every covered vessel shall comply with the requirements of Section 447.5.

Section § 446.5

Explanation

This law allows the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to charge fees to ships within their Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) area. The money collected from these fees is used to cover the costs of running the vessel traffic service.

The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach may impose fees upon all covered vessels within the VTS area to pay the cost of operating the vessel traffic service.

Section § 447

Explanation

The law outlines which vessels must follow specific rules while passing through a designated Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) area. It applies to power-driven boats that are at least 20 meters long, boats weighing 100 gross tons or more that carry paying passengers, and all dredges and floating plants.

The following vessels, while transiting the VTS area, shall comply with the requirements of Section 447.5:
(a)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 447(a) Every power-driven vessel of 20 meters or more in length.
(b)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 447(b) Every vessel of 100 gross tons or more carrying one or more passengers for hire.
(c)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 447(c) Every dredge and floating plant.

Section § 447.5

Explanation

This law requires certain vessels in specific areas to keep in touch with the local marine traffic service. They must constantly monitor the dedicated radio channel and be ready to respond if contacted. Communication with the marine service should be in English. Additionally, vessels need to follow the marine traffic service's guidelines, as long as they don't clash with other laws or local safety plans for Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors.

While transiting the VTS area, every vessel described in Sections 445.5 and 447 shall do all of the following:
(a)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 447.5(a) Maintain continuous radio monitoring or communication with the marine exchange on the radio channel dedicated to the vessel traffic service.
(b)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 447.5(b) Respond promptly when hailed by the marine exchange.
(c)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 447.5(c) Communicate with the marine exchange in the English language.
(d)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 447.5(d) Comply with all VTS measures established by the marine exchange that do not conflict with federal and state statutes or regulations or the Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbor Safety Plan prepared pursuant to Section 8670.23.1 of the Government Code.

Section § 448

Explanation

This law section explains that vessel traffic services provide guidance but don’t take over control of a ship. Ship owners and operators still have their usual responsibilities for navigating and operating their vessels safely. Ships must follow the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea along with other relevant rules when they are in the vessel traffic service area.

The vessel traffic service shall be advisory in nature. Nothing in this article relieves, or is intended to relieve, any vessel, its owners, agents, charterers, operators, or other responsible or designated parties of command of the vessel or of any responsibilities they would otherwise have respecting the navigation and operation of any vessel. Each vessel within the VTS area shall be responsible for its safe navigation in accordance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972) and any other international and local rules and regulations.

Section § 448.5

Explanation

This law establishes that the marine exchange, which manages vessel traffic services within a specific area, acts as an agent for all vessels it services. This means that vessels cannot hold the marine exchange or its personnel responsible for any damage or loss related to their services, even if there's negligence involved. However, ships must protect and compensate the marine exchange for any claims connected to their service. Despite these protections, the marine exchange cannot avoid responsibility for major negligence or intentional wrongdoing.

(a)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 448.5(a) It shall be understood and agreed, and shall be the essence of the marine exchange’s operation of the vessel traffic service, that the marine exchange act as agent of each vessel subject to the requirements of this article within the VTS area in providing vessel traffic information and performing all other acts incidental to operation of the vessel traffic service.
(b)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 448.5(b) No vessel subject to the requirements of this article shall assert any claim against the marine exchange or any officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange for any damage, loss, or expense, including any rights of indemnity or other rights of any kind, sustained by the vessel or its owners, agents, charterers, operators, crew, or third parties arising out of, or connected with, directly or indirectly, the marine exchange’s operation of the vessel traffic service, even though resulting in whole or in part from negligent acts or omissions, of the marine exchange or any officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange.
(c)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 448.5(c) Each vessel subject to the requirements of this article shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the marine exchange and its officers, directors, employees, and representatives from any and all claims, suits, or actions of any nature by whomsoever asserted, even though resulting or alleged to have resulted from negligent acts or omissions of the marine exchange or an officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange.
(d)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 448.5(d) Nothing in subdivisions (b) and (c) shall affect liability or rights that may arise by reason of the gross negligence or intentional or willful misconduct of the marine exchange or an officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange in the operation of the vessel traffic service.

Section § 449

Explanation

This section explains that the marine exchange and its leaders are governed by specific corporate guidelines if they fit certain criteria. It also makes clear that the marine exchange and its people are not considered 'responsible parties' for oil spill prevention and response under certain California laws.

(a)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 449(a) The marine exchange and its officers and directors are subject to Section 5047.5 of the Corporations Code to the extent that the marine exchange meets the criteria specified in that section.
(b)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 449(b) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to include the marine exchange or its officers, directors, employees, or representatives within the meaning of “responsible party” as defined in Section 8670.3 of the Government Code and subdivision (p) of Section 8750 of the Public Resources Code for the purposes of the Lempert-Keene-Seastrand Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act (Article 3.5 (commencing with Section 8574.1) of Chapter 7 and Chapter 7.4 (commencing with Section 8670.1) of Division 1 of Title 2 of the Government Code and Division 7.8 (commencing with Section 8750) of the Public Resources Code).

Section § 449.3

Explanation

This law section requires the marine exchange to work closely with a state-appointed administrator in setting up a vessel traffic service (VTS) for monitoring ship movements. Once the Coast Guard starts running a fully funded VTS in the Los Angeles/Long Beach area, the marine exchange will no longer have permission to run its own service.

The marine exchange shall cooperate fully with the administrator appointed pursuant to Section 8670.4 of the Government Code in the development and implementation of the vessel traffic service system required by Section 8670.21 of the Government Code. Upon certification by the administrator that, pursuant to Section 8670.21, the Coast Guard has commenced operation of a fully federally funded vessel traffic service system for the Los Angeles/Long Beach harbor, the authorization contained in Section 445 for the marine exchange to operate a vessel traffic service is revoked.

Section § 449.5

Explanation

This law is about managing the vessel traffic service at Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors. The marine exchange must submit a report on the vessel traffic system when asked by the administrator. After a public hearing, the administrator checks if the system matches safety plans. If it doesn’t, they order changes to fix any issues. If the marine exchange doesn’t follow through within six months, the administrator can fine them or revoke their authorization. If authorization is revoked, the administrator will quickly set up a new vessel traffic service, possibly charging fees to vessels or ports to cover costs.

(a)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 449.5(a) Upon request by the administrator, the marine exchange shall submit a complete description and operational status report of the vessel traffic service. After a public hearing, the administrator shall, in accordance with paragraph (8) of subdivision (f) of Section 8670.21 of the Government Code, determine whether the elements and operation of the vessel traffic service are consistent with the harbor safety plan for the Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors developed pursuant to Section 8670.23.1 of the Government Code and the standards of a statewide vessel traffic service plan or system developed pursuant to Section 8670.21 of the Government Code.
(b)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 449.5(b) If, pursuant to subdivision (a), the administrator determines that the vessel traffic service is inconsistent with the harbor safety plan for the Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors developed pursuant to Section 8670.23.1 of the Government Code and the standards of a statewide vessel traffic service plan or vessel traffic monitoring and communications system developed pursuant to Section 8670.21 of the Government Code, the administrator shall issue an order to the marine exchange which specifies modifications to the vessel traffic service to eliminate the inconsistencies.
(c)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 449.5(c) If the marine exchange has not complied with an order within six months of issuance, then the administrator, after a public hearing, may take any or all of the following actions:
(1)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 449.5(c)(1) Impose on the marine exchange an administrative fine of not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000) for each day the marine exchange does not comply with the administrator’s order.
(2)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 449.5(c)(2) Administratively revoke the authorization provided to the marine exchange by Section 445 to operate the vessel traffic service.
(d)CA Harbors And Navigation Code § 449.5(d) If authorization for the marine exchange to operate the vessel traffic service is revoked pursuant to this section, the administrator shall take any action that is necessary to expeditiously establish a vessel traffic service for the Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors. The action may include the assessment of fees on vessels, port users, and ports, and the making of needed expenditures, as provided in subdivision (d) of Section 8670.21.