Child Support EnforcementSupport Obligations

Section § 17400

Explanation

This California law requires each county to maintain an agency responsible for managing child support cases, ensuring child support obligations are established, modified, and enforced effectively. This includes medical and spousal support orders and determining paternity if needed. The agency can decide to stop trying to collect debts considered uncollectible, especially when a parent's sole income comes from certain government assistance programs.

Local child support agencies can use electronic signatures and file electronic documents, must adhere to time limits for actions, and provide simplified forms for legal proceedings. They also manage outreach to inform the public about available child support services, whether or not the individual receives public assistance.

Supporting children through wage withholding and initiating legal orders for temporary support is part of their duties. Agencies must comply with regulations for locating noncustodial parents and enforcing child support. Venue for cases should align with the most appropriate court jurisdiction based on assistance and residence factors.

(a)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(1) Each county shall maintain a local child support agency, as specified in Section 17304, that shall have the responsibility for promptly and effectively establishing, modifying, and enforcing child support obligations, including medical support, enforcing spousal support orders established by a court of competent jurisdiction, and determining paternity in the case of a child born out of wedlock. The local child support agency shall take appropriate action, including criminal action in cooperation with the district attorneys, to establish, modify, and enforce child support and, if appropriate, enforce spousal support orders if the child is receiving public assistance, including Medi-Cal, and, if requested, shall take the same actions on behalf of a child who is not receiving public assistance, including Medi-Cal.
(2)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)
(A)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A) Provided that no reduction in aid or payment to a custodial parent would result, the local child support agency shall cease enforcement of child support arrearages assigned to the state and other fees and costs owed to the state that the department or the local child support agency has determined to be uncollectible. If enforcement is ceased pursuant to this paragraph, cases shall be closed to the maximum extent permitted under Section 303.11 of Title 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as adopted under Section 118203 of Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B) In determining the meaning of uncollectible for purposes of arrearages assigned to the state and other fees and costs owed to the state, the department and the local child support agency shall consider, but not be limited to, the following factors:
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(i) Income and assets available to pay the arrearage or other fees and costs.
(ii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(ii) Source of income.
(iii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(iii) Age of the arrearage or other fees and costs.
(iv)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(iv) The number of support orders.
(v)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(v) Employment history.
(vi)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(vi) Payment history.
(vii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(vii) Incarceration history.
(viii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(viii) Whether the order was based on imputed income.
(ix)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(ix) Other readily ascertainable debts.
(C)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(C) Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), the department and a local child support agency shall deem an arrearage assigned to the state or fees and costs owed to the state as uncollectible if the noncustodial parent’s sole income is from any of the following:
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(C)(i) Supplemental Security Income/State Supplementary Program for the Aged, Blind, and Disabled (SSI/SSP) benefits.
(ii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(C)(ii) A combination of SSI/SSP benefits and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits.
(iii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(C)(iii) Cash Assistance Program for Aged, Blind, and Disabled Legal Immigrants (CAPI) benefits.
(iv)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(C)(iv) Veterans Administration Disability Compensation Benefits in an amount equal to or less than the amount the noncustodial parent would receive in SSI/SSP benefits.
(D)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(D) Notwithstanding the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code), the department may implement and administer this subdivision through a child support services letter or similar instruction until regulations are adopted. Thereafter, the department shall adopt regulations to implement this subdivision by July 1, 2024.
(b)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(1) Notwithstanding Sections 25203 and 26529 of the Government Code, attorneys employed within the local child support agency may direct, control, and prosecute civil actions and proceedings in the name of the county in support of child support activities of the Department of Child Support Services and the local child support agency.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(2) Notwithstanding any other law, and except for pleadings or documents required to be signed under penalty of perjury, a local child support agency may substitute original signatures of the agent of the local child support agency with any form of electronic signatures, including, but not limited to, typed, digital, or facsimile images of signatures, digital signatures, or other computer-generated signatures, on pleadings filed for the purpose of establishing, modifying, or enforcing paternity, child support, or medical support. A substituted signature used by a local child support agency shall have the same effect as an original signature, including, but not limited to, the requirements of Section 128.7 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(3) Notwithstanding any other law, effective July 1, 2016, a local child support agency may electronically file pleadings signed by an agent of the local child support agency under penalty of perjury. An original signed pleading shall be executed prior to, or on the same day as, the day of electronic filing. Original signed pleadings shall be maintained by the local child support agency for the period of time prescribed by subdivision (a) of Section 68152 of the Government Code. A local child support agency may maintain the original signed pleading by way of an electronic copy in the Statewide Automated Child Support System. The Judicial Council, by July 1, 2016, shall develop rules to implement this subdivision.
(4)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(4)
(A)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(4)(A) Notwithstanding any other law, a local child support agency may substitute any original signatures, including, but not limited to, signatures of agents of the local child support agencies, support obligors, support obligees, other parents, witnesses, and the attorneys for the parties to the action, with a printed copy or electronic image of an electronic signature obtained in compliance with the rules of court adopted pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (e) of Section 1010.6 of the Code of Civil Procedure, on pleadings or documents filed for the purpose of establishing, modifying, or enforcing paternity, child support, or medical support. If the pleading or document is signed under the penalty of perjury or the signature does not belong to an agent of the local child support agency, the local child support agency represents, by the act of filing, that the declarant electronically signed the pleading or document before, or on the same day as, the date of filing.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(4)(A)(B) The local child support agency shall maintain the electronic form of the pleading or document bearing the original electronic signature for the period of time prescribed by subdivision (a) of Section 68152 of the Government Code, and shall make it available for review upon the request of the court or any party to the action or proceeding in which it is filed. Printed copies or electronic images of electronic signatures used by a local child support agency in this manner shall have the same effect as an original signature, including, but not limited to, the requirements of Section 128.7 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17400(c) Actions brought by the local child support agency to establish paternity or child support or to enforce child support obligations shall be completed within the time limits set forth by federal law. The local child support agency’s responsibility applies to spousal support only if the spousal support obligation has been reduced to an order of a court of competent jurisdiction. In any action brought for modification or revocation of an order that is being enforced under Title IV-D of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 651 et seq.), the effective date of the modification or revocation shall be as prescribed by federal law (42 U.S.C. Sec. 666(a)(9)), or any subsequent date.
(d)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(1) The Judicial Council, in consultation with the department, the Senate Committee on Judiciary, the Assembly Committee on Judiciary, and a legal services organization providing representation on child support matters, shall develop simplified summons, complaint, and answer forms for any action for support brought pursuant to this section or Section 17404. The Judicial Council may combine the summons and complaint in a single form.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(2) The simplified complaint form shall provide notice of the amount of child support that is sought pursuant to the guidelines set forth in Article 2 (commencing with Section 4050) of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Division 9 based upon the income or income history of the support obligor as known to the local child support agency. If the support obligor’s income or income history is unknown to the local child support agency, the complaint shall inform the support obligor that income shall be presumed to be the amount of the minimum wage, at 40 hours per week, established by the Industrial Welfare Commission pursuant to Section 1182.11 of the Labor Code unless information concerning the support obligor’s income is provided to the court. The complaint form shall be accompanied by a proposed judgment. The complaint form shall include a notice to the support obligor that the proposed judgment will become effective if the obligor fails to file an answer with the court within 30 days of service. Except as provided in paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 17402, if the proposed judgment is entered by the court, the support order in the proposed judgment shall be effective as of the first day of the month following the filing of the complaint.
(3)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(3)
(A)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(3)(A) The simplified answer form shall be written in simple English and shall permit a defendant to answer and raise defenses by checking applicable boxes. The answer form shall include instructions for completion of the form and instructions for proper filing of the answer.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(3)(A)(B) The answer form shall be accompanied by a blank income and expense declaration or simplified financial statement and instructions on how to complete the financial forms. The answer form shall direct the defendant to file the completed income and expense declaration or simplified financial statement with the answer, but shall state that the answer will be accepted by a court without the income and expense declaration or simplified financial statement.
(C)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(3)(A)(C) The clerk of the court shall accept and file answers, income and expense declarations, and simplified financial statements that are completed by hand provided they are legible.
(4)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(4)
(A)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(4)(A) The simplified complaint form prepared pursuant to this subdivision shall be used by the local child support agency or the Attorney General in all cases brought under this section or Section 17404.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(4)(A)(B) The simplified answer form prepared pursuant to this subdivision shall be served on all defendants with the simplified complaint. Failure to serve the simplified answer form on all defendants shall not invalidate any judgment obtained. However, failure to serve the answer form may be used as evidence in any proceeding under Section 17432 of this code or Section 473 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(C)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(4)(A)(C) The Judicial Council shall add language to the governmental summons, for use by the local child support agency with the governmental complaint to establish parental relationship and child support, informing defendants that a blank answer form should have been received with the summons and additional copies may be obtained from either the local child support agency or the superior court clerk.
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17400(e) In any action brought or enforcement proceedings instituted by the local child support agency pursuant to this section for payment of child or spousal support, an action to recover an arrearage in support payments may be maintained by the local child support agency at any time within the period otherwise specified for the enforcement of a support judgment, notwithstanding the fact that the child has attained the age of majority.
(f)CA Family Law Code § 17400(f) The county shall undertake an outreach program to inform the public that the services described in subdivisions (a) to (c), inclusive, are available to persons not receiving public assistance. There shall be prominently displayed in every public area of every office of the agencies established by this section a notice, in clear and simple language prescribed by the Director of Child Support Services, that the services provided in subdivisions (a) to (c), inclusive, are provided to all individuals, whether or not they are recipients of public assistance.
(g)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(1) In any action to establish a child support order brought by the local child support agency in the performance of duties under this section, the local child support agency may make a motion for an order effective during the pendency of that action, for the support, maintenance, and education of the child or children that are the subject of the action. This order shall be referred to as an order for temporary support. This order has the same force and effect as a like or similar order under this code.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(2) The local child support agency shall file a motion for an order for temporary support within the following time limits:
(A)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(2)(A) If the defendant is the mother, a presumed father under Section 7611, or any father if the child is at least six months old when the defendant files the answer, the time limit is 90 days after the defendant files an answer.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(2)(B) In any other case in which the defendant has filed an answer prior to the birth of the child or not more than six months after the birth of the child, then the time limit is nine months after the birth of the child.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(3) If more than one child is the subject of the action, the limitation on reimbursement shall apply only as to those children whose parental relationship and age would bar recovery were a separate action brought for support of that child or those children.
(4)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(4) If the local child support agency fails to file a motion for an order for temporary support within the time limits specified in this section, the local child support agency shall be barred from obtaining a judgment of reimbursement for any support provided for that child during the period between the date the time limit expired and the date the motion was filed, or, if no motion is filed, when a final judgment is entered.
(5)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(5) Except as provided in Section 17304, this section does not prohibit the local child support agency from entering into cooperative arrangements with other county departments as necessary to carry out the responsibilities imposed by this section pursuant to plans of cooperation with the departments approved by the Department of Child Support Services.
(6)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(6) This section does not otherwise limit the ability of the local child support agency from securing and enforcing orders for support of a spouse or former spouse as authorized under any other law.
(h)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h) As used in this article, “enforcing obligations” includes, but is not limited to, all of the following:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h)(1) The use of all interception and notification systems operated by the department for the purpose of aiding in the enforcement of support obligations.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h)(2) The obtaining by the local child support agency of an initial order for child support that may include medical support or that is for medical support only, by civil or criminal process.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h)(3) The initiation of a motion or order to show cause to increase an existing child support order, and the response to a motion or order to show cause brought by an obligor parent to decrease an existing child support order, or the initiation of a motion or order to show cause to obtain an order for medical support, and the response to a motion or order to show cause brought by an obligor parent to decrease or terminate an existing medical support order, without regard to whether the child is receiving public assistance.
(4)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h)(4) The response to a notice of motion or order to show cause brought by an obligor parent to decrease an existing spousal support order if the child or children are residing with the obligee parent and the local child support agency is also enforcing a related child support obligation owed to the obligee parent by the same obligor.
(5)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h)(5) The referral of child support delinquencies to the department under subdivision (c) of Section 17500 in support of the local child support agency.
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17400(i) As used in this section, “out of wedlock” means that the biological parents of the child were not married to each other at the time of the child’s conception.
(j)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(j)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(j)(1) The local child support agency is the public agency responsible for administering wage withholding for current support for the purposes of Title IV-D of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 651 et seq.).
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(j)(2) This section does not limit the authority of the local child support agency granted by other sections of this code or otherwise granted by law.
(k)CA Family Law Code § 17400(k) In the exercise of the authority granted under this article, the local child support agency may intervene, pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 387 of the Code of Civil Procedure, by ex parte application, in any action under this code, or other proceeding in which child support is an issue or a reduction in spousal support is sought. By notice of motion, order to show cause, or responsive pleading served upon all parties to the action, the local child support agency may request any relief that is appropriate that the local child support agency is authorized to seek.
(l)CA Family Law Code § 17400(l) The local child support agency shall comply with all regulations and directives established by the department that set time standards for responding to requests for assistance in locating noncustodial parents, establishing paternity, establishing child support awards, and collecting child support payments.
(m)CA Family Law Code § 17400(m) As used in this article, medical support activities that the local child support agency is authorized to perform are limited to the following:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17400(m)(1) The obtaining and enforcing of court orders for health insurance coverage.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(m)(2) Any other medical support activity mandated by federal law or regulation.
(n)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1) Notwithstanding any other law, except when a court of competent jurisdiction under Section 4251 hearing the action or proceeding under this division transfers the action or proceeding pursuant to Section 397.5 of the Code of Civil Procedure pursuant to a directly filed motion, a redirected motion, or on the court’s own motion under Section 397.5 of the Code of Civil Procedure, venue for an action or proceeding under this division shall be determined as follows:
(A)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1)(A) Venue shall be in the superior court in the county that is currently expending public assistance.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1)(B) If public assistance is not currently being expended, venue shall be in the superior court in the county where the child who is entitled to current support resides or is domiciled.
(C)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1)(C) If current support is no longer payable through, or enforceable by, the local child support agency, venue shall be in the superior court in the county that last provided public assistance for actions to enforce arrearages assigned pursuant to Section 11477 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.
(D)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1)(D) If subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) do not apply, venue shall be in the superior court in the county of residence of the support obligee.
(E)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1)(E) If the support obligee does not reside in California, and subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) do not apply, venue shall be in the superior court of the county of residence of the obligor.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if the child becomes a resident of another county after an action under this part has been filed, venue may remain in the county where the action was filed until the action is completed. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to limit the court hearing the action or proceeding under this division from exercising its discretion under Section 397.5 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(o)CA Family Law Code § 17400(o) The local child support agency of one county may appear on behalf of the local child support agency of any other county in an action or proceeding under this part.
(p)CA Family Law Code § 17400(p) This section shall become inoperative on January 1, 2026, and, as of January 1, 2027, is repealed.
local child support agency child support enforcement paternity determination ...

Section § 17400

Explanation

This law outlines the responsibilities and procedures for local child support agencies in California. It mandates these agencies to effectively manage child support, including establishing paternity, enforcing orders, and maintaining an outreach program for public awareness. The agencies can cease enforcement of uncollectible child support debts if they won't reduce aid payments to custodial parents. It also allows for the use of electronic signatures in certain legal documents and specifies timelines for filing motions related to child support orders. The venue for child support actions depends on where public assistance is expended or where the child resides. Venue can also be kept in the initiating county even if the child relocates. These agencies can make motions for temporary support and are tasked with obtaining health insurance coverage orders for children.

(a)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(1) Each county shall maintain a local child support agency, as specified in Section 17304, that shall have the responsibility for promptly and effectively establishing, modifying, and enforcing child support obligations, including medical support, enforcing spousal support orders established by a court of competent jurisdiction, and determining paternity in the case of a child born out of wedlock. The local child support agency shall take appropriate action, including criminal action in cooperation with the district attorneys, to establish, modify, and enforce child support and, if appropriate, enforce spousal support orders if the child is receiving public assistance, including Medi-Cal, and, if requested, shall take the same actions on behalf of a child who is not receiving public assistance, including Medi-Cal.
(2)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)
(A)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A) Provided that no reduction in aid or payment to a custodial parent would result, the local child support agency shall cease enforcement of child support arrearages assigned to the state and other fees and costs owed to the state that the department or the local child support agency has determined to be uncollectible. If enforcement is ceased pursuant to this paragraph, cases shall be closed to the maximum extent permitted under Section 303.11 of Title 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as adopted under Section 118203 of Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B) In determining the meaning of uncollectible for purposes of arrearages assigned to the state and other fees and costs owed to the state, the department and the local child support agency shall consider, but not be limited to, the following factors:
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(i) Income and assets available to pay the arrearage or other fees and costs.
(ii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(ii) Source of income.
(iii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(iii) Age of the arrearage or other fees and costs.
(iv)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(iv) The number of support orders.
(v)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(v) Employment history.
(vi)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(vi) Payment history.
(vii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(vii) Incarceration history.
(viii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(viii) Whether the order was based on imputed income.
(ix)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(B)(ix) Other readily ascertainable debts.
(C)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(C) Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), the department and a local child support agency shall deem an arrearage assigned to the state or fees and costs owed to the state as uncollectible if the noncustodial parent’s sole income is from any of the following:
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(C)(i) Supplemental Security Income/State Supplementary Program for the Aged, Blind, and Disabled (SSI/SSP) benefits.
(ii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(C)(ii) A combination of SSI/SSP benefits and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits.
(iii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(C)(iii) Cash Assistance Program for Aged, Blind, and Disabled Legal Immigrants (CAPI) benefits.
(iv)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(C)(iv) Veterans Administration Disability Compensation Benefits in an amount equal to or less than the amount the noncustodial parent would receive in SSI/SSP benefits.
(D)CA Family Law Code § 17400(a)(2)(A)(D) Notwithstanding the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code), the department may implement and administer this subdivision through a child support services letter or similar instruction until regulations are adopted. Thereafter, the department shall adopt regulations to implement this subdivision by July 1, 2024.
(b)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(1) Notwithstanding Sections 25203 and 26529 of the Government Code, attorneys employed within the local child support agency may direct, control, and prosecute civil actions and proceedings in the name of the county in support of child support activities of the Department of Child Support Services and the local child support agency.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(2) Notwithstanding any other law, and except for pleadings or documents required to be signed under penalty of perjury, a local child support agency may substitute original signatures of the agent of the local child support agency with any form of electronic signatures, including, but not limited to, typed, digital, or facsimile images of signatures, digital signatures, or other computer-generated signatures, on pleadings filed for the purpose of establishing, modifying, or enforcing paternity, child support, or medical support. A substituted signature used by a local child support agency shall have the same effect as an original signature, including, but not limited to, the requirements of Section 128.7 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(3) Notwithstanding any other law, a local child support agency may electronically file pleadings signed by an agent of the local child support agency under penalty of perjury. An original signed pleading shall be executed prior to, or on the same day as, the day of electronic filing. Original signed pleadings shall be maintained by the local child support agency for the period of time prescribed by subdivision (a) of Section 68152 of the Government Code. A local child support agency may maintain the original signed pleading by way of an electronic copy in the Statewide Automated Child Support System. The Judicial Council shall develop rules to implement this subdivision.
(4)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(4)
(A)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(4)(A) Notwithstanding any other law, a local child support agency may substitute any original signatures, including, but not limited to, signatures of agents of the local child support agencies, support obligors, support obligees, other parents, witnesses, and the attorneys for the parties to the action, with a printed copy or electronic image of an electronic signature obtained in compliance with the rules of court adopted pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (e) of Section 1010.6 of the Code of Civil Procedure, on pleadings or documents filed for the purpose of establishing, modifying, or enforcing paternity, child support, or medical support. If the pleading or document is signed under the penalty of perjury or the signature does not belong to an agent of the local child support agency, the local child support agency represents, by the act of filing, that the declarant electronically signed the pleading or document before, or on the same day as, the date of filing.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(b)(4)(A)(B) The local child support agency shall maintain the electronic form of the pleading or document bearing the original electronic signature for the period of time prescribed by subdivision (a) of Section 68152 of the Government Code, and shall make it available for review upon the request of the court or any party to the action or proceeding in which it is filed. Printed copies or electronic images of electronic signatures used by a local child support agency in this manner shall have the same effect as an original signature, including, but not limited to, the requirements of Section 128.7 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17400(c) Actions brought by the local child support agency to establish paternity or child support or to enforce child support obligations shall be completed within the time limits set forth by federal law. The local child support agency’s responsibility applies to spousal support only if the spousal support obligation has been reduced to an order of a court of competent jurisdiction. In any action brought for modification or revocation of an order that is being enforced under Title IV-D of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 651 et seq.), the effective date of the modification or revocation shall be as prescribed by federal law (42 U.S.C. Sec. 666(a)(9)), or any subsequent date.
(d)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(1) The Judicial Council, in consultation with the department, the Senate Committee on Judiciary, the Assembly Committee on Judiciary, and a legal services organization providing representation on child support matters, shall develop simplified summons, complaint, and answer forms for any action for support brought pursuant to this section or Section 17404. The Judicial Council may combine the summons and complaint in a single form.
(2)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(2)
(A)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(2)(A) The simplified complaint form shall provide notice of the amount of child support that is sought pursuant to the guidelines set forth in Article 2 (commencing with Section 4050) of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Division 9 based upon one of the following methods used to determine income:
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(2)(A)(i) If sufficient information is available to determine actual income, pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 4058 and Section 4060, the local child support agency shall use actual income as the basis of the proposed support obligation, unless the local child support agency has sufficient information to proceed under clause (ii).
(ii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(2)(A)(ii) If the local child support agency has sufficient information that the earning capacity is greater than the actual income, and sufficient evidence is available to establish earning capacity pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 4058, the local child support agency may use earning capacity as the basis of the proposed support obligation.
(iii)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(2)(A)(iii) If the actual income of the support obligor is unknown to the local child support agency, and sufficient evidence is available to establish earning capacity pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 4058, the local child support agency shall use earning capacity as the basis of the proposed support obligation. A complaint seeking child support under this clause shall set forth the steps first taken by the local child support agency to establish the support obligor’s actual income prior to considering earning capacity, which must include, but are not limited to:
(I)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(2)(A)(iii)(I) Attempting to contact the support obligor through telephonic, electronic, and postal means, to the extent contact information is known or can be discovered through reasonably available means. At least three attempts to contact the support obligor shall be made.
(II) Seeking information about the support obligor’s expenses and work history from the party seeking support.
(III) Searching in available databases for information relating to the support obligor’s employment, income, or both.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(2)(A)(B) The complaint shall inform the support obligor of the basis for the proposed support amount. If the basis of the proposed support amount is the support obligor’s earning capacity rather than actual income, the complaint shall inform the obligor of the factors considered by the local child support agency and used to determine the obligor’s earning capacity.
(C)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(2)(A)(C) The complaint form shall be accompanied by a proposed judgment. The complaint form shall include a notice to the support obligor that the proposed judgment may become effective if the obligor fails to file an answer with the court within 30 days of the service. If the proposed judgment is entered by the court, the support order in the proposed judgment shall be effective as of the first day of the month following the filing of the complaint.
(D)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(2)(A)(D) If the proposed judgment is based on the support obligor’s earning capacity pursuant to clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (A), the local child support agency shall file a motion for judgment, as provided in subdivision (b) of Section 17404. The motion for judgment filed pursuant to this subparagraph shall be served on the defendant in compliance with Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure or otherwise as provided by law. If the hearing on the motion for judgment under this subdivision is continued, the court may make a temporary order as authorized by Section 17404.
(E)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(2)(A)(E) Notwithstanding the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code), the department may implement and administer this subdivision through a child support services letter or similar instruction until permanent regulations are adopted. The department shall adopt regulations to implement this subdivision by January 1, 2028.
(3)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(3)
(A)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(3)(A) The simplified answer form shall be written in simple English and shall permit a defendant to answer and raise defenses by checking applicable boxes. The answer form shall include instructions for completion of the form and instructions for proper filing of the answer.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(3)(A)(B) The answer form shall be accompanied by a blank income and expense declaration or simplified financial statement and instructions on how to complete the financial forms. The answer form shall direct the defendant to file the completed income and expense declaration or simplified financial statement with the answer, but shall state that the answer will be accepted by a court without the income and expense declaration or simplified financial statement.
(C)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(3)(A)(C) The clerk of the court shall accept and file answers, income and expense declarations, and simplified financial statements that are completed by hand provided they are legible.
(4)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(4)
(A)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(4)(A) The simplified complaint form prepared pursuant to this subdivision shall be used by the local child support agency or the Attorney General in all cases brought under this section or Section 17404.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(4)(A)(B) The simplified answer form prepared pursuant to this subdivision shall be served on all defendants with the simplified complaint. Failure to serve the simplified answer form on all defendants shall not invalidate any judgment obtained. However, failure to serve the answer form may be used as evidence in any proceeding under Section 17432 of this code or Section 473 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(C)CA Family Law Code § 17400(d)(4)(A)(C) The Judicial Council shall add language to the governmental summons, for use by the local child support agency with the governmental complaint to establish parental relationship and child support, informing defendants that a blank answer form should have been received with the summons and additional copies may be obtained from either the local child support agency or the superior court clerk.
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17400(e) In any action brought or enforcement proceedings instituted by the local child support agency pursuant to this section for payment of child or spousal support, an action to recover an arrearage in support payments may be maintained by the local child support agency at any time within the period otherwise specified for the enforcement of a support judgment, notwithstanding the fact that the child has attained the age of majority.
(f)CA Family Law Code § 17400(f) The county shall undertake an outreach program to inform the public that the services described in subdivisions (a) to (c), inclusive, are available to persons not receiving public assistance. There shall be prominently displayed in every public area of every office of the agencies established by this section a notice, in clear and simple language prescribed by the Director of Child Support Services, that the services provided in subdivisions (a) to (c), inclusive, are provided to all individuals, whether or not they are recipients of public assistance.
(g)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(1) In any action to establish a child support order brought by the local child support agency in the performance of duties under this section, the local child support agency may make a motion for an order effective during the pendency of that action, for the support, maintenance, and education of the child or children that are the subject of the action. This order shall be referred to as an order for temporary support. This order has the same force and effect as a like or similar order under this code.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(2) The local child support agency shall file a motion for an order for temporary support within the following time limits:
(A)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(2)(A) If the defendant is the mother, a presumed father under Section 7611, or any father if the child is at least six months old when the defendant files the answer, the time limit is 90 days after the defendant files an answer.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(2)(B) In any other case in which the defendant has filed an answer prior to the birth of the child or not more than six months after the birth of the child, then the time limit is nine months after the birth of the child.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(3) If more than one child is the subject of the action, the limitation on reimbursement shall apply only as to those children whose parental relationship and age would bar recovery were a separate action brought for support of that child or those children.
(4)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(4) If the local child support agency fails to file a motion for an order for temporary support within the time limits specified in this section, the local child support agency shall be barred from obtaining a judgment of reimbursement for any support provided for that child during the period between the date the time limit expired and the date the motion was filed, or, if no motion is filed, when a final judgment is entered.
(5)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(5) Except as provided in Section 17304, this section does not prohibit the local child support agency from entering into cooperative arrangements with other county departments as necessary to carry out the responsibilities imposed by this section pursuant to plans of cooperation with the departments approved by the Department of Child Support Services.
(6)CA Family Law Code § 17400(g)(6) This section does not otherwise limit the ability of the local child support agency from securing and enforcing orders for support of a spouse or former spouse as authorized under any other law.
(h)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h) As used in this article, “enforcing obligations” includes, but is not limited to, all of the following:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h)(1) The use of all interception and notification systems operated by the department for the purpose of aiding in the enforcement of support obligations.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h)(2) The obtaining by the local child support agency of an initial order for child support that may include medical support or that is for medical support only, by civil or criminal process.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h)(3) The initiation of a motion or order to show cause to increase an existing child support order, and the response to a motion or order to show cause brought by an obligor parent to decrease an existing child support order, or the initiation of a motion or order to show cause to obtain an order for medical support, and the response to a motion or order to show cause brought by an obligor parent to decrease or terminate an existing medical support order, without regard to whether the child is receiving public assistance.
(4)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h)(4) The response to a notice of motion or order to show cause brought by an obligor parent to decrease an existing spousal support order if the child or children are residing with the obligee parent and the local child support agency is also enforcing a related child support obligation owed to the obligee parent by the same obligor.
(5)CA Family Law Code § 17400(h)(5) The referral of child support delinquencies to the department under subdivision (c) of Section 17500 in support of the local child support agency.
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17400(i) As used in this section, “out of wedlock” means that the biological parents of the child were not married to each other at the time of the child’s conception.
(j)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(j)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(j)(1) The local child support agency is the public agency responsible for administering wage withholding for current support for the purposes of Title IV-D of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 651 et seq.).
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(j)(2) This section does not limit the authority of the local child support agency granted by other sections of this code or otherwise granted by law.
(k)CA Family Law Code § 17400(k) In the exercise of the authority granted under this article, the local child support agency may intervene, pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 387 of the Code of Civil Procedure, by ex parte application, in any action under this code, or other proceeding in which child support is an issue or a reduction in spousal support is sought. By notice of motion, order to show cause, or responsive pleading served upon all parties to the action, the local child support agency may request any relief that is appropriate that the local child support agency is authorized to seek.
(l)CA Family Law Code § 17400(l) The local child support agency shall comply with all regulations and directives established by the department that set time standards for responding to requests for assistance in locating noncustodial parents, establishing paternity, establishing child support awards, and collecting child support payments.
(m)CA Family Law Code § 17400(m) As used in this article, medical support activities that the local child support agency is authorized to perform are limited to the following:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17400(m)(1) The obtaining and enforcing of court orders for health insurance coverage.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(m)(2) Any other medical support activity mandated by federal law or regulation.
(n)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1) Notwithstanding any other law, except when a court of competent jurisdiction under Section 4251 hearing the action or proceeding under this division transfers the action or proceeding pursuant to Section 397.5 of the Code of Civil Procedure pursuant to a directly filed motion, a redirected motion, or on the court’s own motion under Section 397.5 of the Code of Civil Procedure, venue for an action or proceeding under this division shall be determined as follows:
(A)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1)(A) Venue shall be in the superior court in the county that is currently expending public assistance.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1)(B) If public assistance is not currently being expended, venue shall be in the superior court in the county where the child who is entitled to current support resides or is domiciled.
(C)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1)(C) If current support is no longer payable through, or enforceable by, the local child support agency, venue shall be in the superior court in the county that last provided public assistance for actions to enforce arrearages assigned pursuant to Section 11477 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.
(D)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1)(D) If subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) do not apply, venue shall be in the superior court in the county of residence of the support obligee.
(E)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(1)(E) If the support obligee does not reside in California, and subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) do not apply, venue shall be in the superior court of the county of residence of the obligor.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17400(n)(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if the child becomes a resident of another county after an action under this part has been filed, venue may remain in the county where the action was filed until the action is completed. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to limit the court hearing the action or proceeding under this division from exercising its discretion under Section 397.5 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(o)CA Family Law Code § 17400(o) The local child support agency of one county may appear on behalf of the local child support agency of any other county in an action or proceeding under this part.
(p)CA Family Law Code § 17400(p) This section shall become operative January 1, 2026.
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Section § 17400.5

Explanation

If someone who has to pay child support is disabled and receiving disability benefits like SSI, or would be eligible except for having too much income, they need to provide proof of this to the child support agency. Once the agency gets proof, they have to file papers to change the support amount within 30 days. This change in the child support amount will follow the rules set in another part of the law.

If an obligor has an ongoing child support order being enforced by a local child support agency pursuant to Title IV-D of the Social Security Act and the obligor is disabled, meets the SSI resource test, and is receiving Supplemental Security Income/State Supplemental Payments (SSI/SSP) or, but for excess income as described in Section 416.1100 et seq. of Part 416 of Title 20 of the Code of Federal Regulations, would be eligible to receive as SSI/SSP, pursuant to Section 12200 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, and the obligor has supplied the local child support agency with proof of eligibility for, and, if applicable, receipt of, SSI/SSP or Social Security Disability Insurance benefits, then the local child support agency shall prepare and file a motion to modify the support obligation within 30 days of receipt of verification from the noncustodial parent or any other source of the receipt of SSI/SSP or Social Security Disability Insurance benefits. The local child support agency shall serve the motion on both the noncustodial parent and custodial person and any modification of the support order entered pursuant to the motion shall be effective as provided in Section 3653 of the Family Code.
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Section § 17401

Explanation

If a parent receiving child support services gives the local agency good information about where the other parent lives or works, the agency must try to take legal action within 60 days. They'll also let the parent know in writing once they've done this. If the address turns out to be wrong and the agency can't find the other parent after trying hard, they'll tell the parent who provided the information about the problem.

If the parent who is receiving support enforcement services provides to the local child support agency substantial, credible, information regarding the residence or work address of the support obligor, the agency shall initiate an establishment or enforcement action and serve the defendant, if service is required, within 60 days and inform the parent in writing when those actions have been taken. If the address or any other information provided by the support obligee is determined by the local child support agency to be inaccurate and if, after reasonable diligence, the agency is unable to locate and serve the support obligor within that 60-day period, the local child support agency shall inform the support obligee in writing of those facts. The requirements of this section shall be in addition to the time standards established by the Department of Child Support Services pursuant to subdivision (l) of Section 17400.
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Section § 17401.5

Explanation

This law section requires that specific booklets and notices related to child support include information about child support service hearings, as long as federal funds are available. Booklets mentioned in Section 17434 and certain notices in Section 17406 must have this information. Additionally, local child support agencies must inform both custodial and noncustodial parents about these hearings and the complaint resolution process if federal money is involved. This information should be easy to find within the booklet.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17401.5(a) All of the following shall include notice of, and information about, the child support service hearings available pursuant to Section 17801, provided that there is federal financial participation available as set forth in subdivision (j) of Section 17801:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17401.5(a)(1) The booklet required by subdivision (a) of Section 17434.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17401.5(a)(2) Any notice required by subdivision (c) or (h) of Section 17406.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17401.5(b) To the extent not otherwise required by law, the local child support agency shall provide notice of, and information about, the child support services hearings available pursuant to Section 17801 in any regularly issued notices to custodial and noncustodial parents subject to Section 17400, provided that there is federal financial participation available as set forth in subdivision (e) of Section 17801.
Notice of and information about the child support service hearings and the child support complaint resolution process required under Section 17800 shall be easily accessible and shall be provided in a single section of the booklet.
child support service hearings Section 17801 federal financial participation ...

Section § 17402

Explanation

This law outlines what happens when a parent or parents leave their child, and the family ends up needing financial help from the government. The parent who doesn't have custody (noncustodial parent) must pay back the county the amount set by a court for child support. The local child support agency is responsible for making sure this happens, even if the assistance was provided by a different county. The specific amount each noncustodial parent owes is decided based on their income and follows the child support guidelines. If one parent still lives with the child, support is calculated normally. If both parents live together but do not have custody, their incomes are combined to figure out the support. If the parents live apart and neither has custody, each parent's support responsibility is calculated separately. The payments must go to the local child support agency.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17402(a) In any case of separation or desertion of a parent or parents from a child or children that results in aid under Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 11200) of Part 3 of Division 9 of the Welfare and Institutions Code being granted to that family, the noncustodial parent or parents shall be obligated to the county for an amount equal to the amount specified in an order for the support and maintenance of the family issued by a court of competent jurisdiction.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17402(b) The local child support agency shall take appropriate action pursuant to this section as provided in subdivision (l) of Section 17400. The local child support agency may establish liability for child support as provided in subdivision (a) when public assistance was provided by another county or by other counties.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17402(c) The amount of the obligation established for each parent with a liability under subdivision (a) shall be determined by using the appropriate child support guideline currently in effect and shall be computed as follows:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17402(c)(1) If one parent remains as a custodial parent, the support shall be computed according to the guideline.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17402(c)(2) If the parents reside together and neither father nor mother remains as a custodial parent, the guideline support shall be computed by combining the noncustodial parents’ incomes. The combined incomes shall be used as the high earner’s net monthly disposable income in the guideline formula. Income shall not be attributed to the caretaker or governmental agency. The amount of guideline support resulting shall be proportionately shared between the noncustodial parents based upon their net monthly disposable incomes.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17402(c)(3) If the parents reside apart and neither father nor mother remains as a custodial parent, the guideline support shall be computed separately for each parent by treating each parent as a noncustodial parent. Income shall not be attributed to the caretaker or government agency.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17402(d) A parent shall pay the amount of support specified in the support order to the local child support agency.
noncustodial parent child support guidelines local child support agency ...

Section § 17402.1

Explanation

This law requires local child support agencies to send any federal and state assistance child support payments they collect to the main department every month. Additionally, the department must create rules to put this law into practice.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17402.1(a) Each local child support agency shall, on a monthly basis, remit to the department both the federal and state public assistance child support payments received pursuant to Section 17402.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17402.1(b) The department shall promulgate regulations to implement this section.
child support agency monthly remittance federal child support payments ...

Section § 17404

Explanation

This law allows county child support agencies to handle cases for child support and parentage on behalf of children or parents. The parent seeking support services is not required to be part of the case but can be called as a witness. The focus is strictly on parentage and child support, without mixing in other legal issues. Parents have certain rights, like requesting genetic tests if parentage is questioned, and can take independent action on support orders if they notify the agency. In these cases, any child support payments must be sent through the local child support agency. A parent receiving child support services is considered involved for support-related issues, not custody or visitation unless these were not previously settled by a court. The law also ensures parents are informed of their right to legal representation during agency meetings and tasks the Judicial Council with creating relevant forms.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17404(a) Notwithstanding any other statute, in any action brought by the local child support agency for the support of a minor child or children, the action may be prosecuted in the name of the county on behalf of the child, children, or a parent of the child or children. The parent who has requested or is receiving support enforcement services of the local child support agency shall not be a necessary party to the action but may be subpoenaed as a witness. Except as provided in subdivision (e), in an action under this section there shall be no joinder of actions, or coordination of actions, or cross-complaints, and the issues shall be limited strictly to the question of parentage, if applicable, and child support, including an order for medical support. A final determination of parentage may be made in any action under this section as an incident to obtaining an order for support. An action for support or parentage pursuant to this section shall not be delayed or stayed because of the pendency of any other action between the parties.
(b)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17404(b)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17404(b)(1) Judgment in an action brought pursuant to this section, and in an action brought pursuant to Section 17402, if at issue, may be rendered pursuant to a noticed motion, that shall inform the defendant that in order to exercise the right to trial, the defendant shall appear at the hearing on the motion.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17404(b)(2) If the defendant appears at the hearing on the motion, the court shall inquire of the defendant if the defendant desires to subpoena evidence and witnesses, if parentage is at issue and genetic tests have not already been conducted whether the defendant desires genetic tests, and if the defendant desires a trial. If the defendant’s answer is in the affirmative, a continuance shall be granted to allow the defendant to exercise those rights. A continuance shall not postpone the hearing to more than 90 days from the date of service of the motion. If a continuance is granted, the court may make an order for temporary support without prejudice to the right of the court to make an order for temporary support as otherwise allowed by law.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17404(c) In any action to enforce a spousal support order the action may be pled in the name of the county in the same manner as an action to establish a child support obligation. The same restrictions on joinder of actions, coordination of actions, cross-complaints, and delay because of the pendency of any other action as relates to actions to establish a child support obligation shall also apply to actions to enforce a spousal support order.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17404(d) This section does not prevent the parties from bringing an independent action under other provisions of this code and litigating the issues of support, custody, visitation, or protective orders. In that event, any support, custody, visitation, or protective order issued by the court in an action pursuant to this section shall be filed in the action commenced under the other provisions of this code and shall continue in effect until modified by a subsequent order of the court. To the extent that the orders conflict, the court order last issued shall supersede all other orders and be binding upon all parties in that action.
(e)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17404(e)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17404(e)(1) After a support order, including a temporary support order and an order for medical support only, has been entered in an action brought pursuant to this section, the parent who has requested or is receiving support enforcement services of the local child support agency shall become a party to the action brought pursuant to this section, only in the manner and to the extent provided by this section, and only for the purposes allowed by this section.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17404(e)(2) Notice of the parent’s status as a party shall be given to the parent by the local child support agency in conjunction with the notice required by subdivision (e) of Section 17406. The complaint shall contain this notice. Service of the complaint on the parent in compliance with Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure, or as otherwise provided by law, shall constitute compliance with this section. In all actions commenced under the procedures and forms in effect on or before December 31, 1996, the parent who has requested or is receiving support enforcement services of the local child support agency shall not become a party to the action until joined as a party pursuant to an ex parte application or noticed motion for joinder filed by the local child support agency or a noticed motion filed by either parent. The local child support agency shall serve a copy of any order for joinder of a parent obtained by the local child support agency’s application on both parents in compliance with Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17404(e)(3) Once both parents are parties to an action brought pursuant to this section in cases where Title IV-D services are currently being provided, the local child support agency shall be required, within five days of receipt, to mail the nonmoving party in the action all pleadings relating solely to the support issue in the action that have been served on the local child support agency by the moving party in the action, as provided in subdivision (f) of Section 17406. There shall be a rebuttable presumption that service on the local child support agency consistent with the provisions of this paragraph constitutes valid service on the nonmoving party. Where this procedure is used to effectuate service on the nonmoving party, the pleadings shall be served on the local child support agency not less than 30 days prior to the hearing.
(4)CA Family Law Code § 17404(e)(4) The parent who has requested or is receiving support enforcement services of the local child support agency is a party to an action brought under this section for issues relating to the support, custody, and visitation of a child, and for restraining orders, and for no other purpose. The local child support agency shall not be required to serve or receive service of papers, pleadings, or documents, or participate in, or attend any hearing or proceeding relating to issues of custody or visitation, except as otherwise required by law. Orders concerning custody and visitation may be made in an action pursuant to this subdivision only if orders concerning custody and visitation have not been previously made by a court of competent jurisdiction in this state or another state and the court has jurisdiction and is the proper venue for custody and visitation determinations. All issues regarding custody and visitation shall be heard and resolved in the manner provided by this code. Except as otherwise provided by law, the local child support agency shall control support and parentage litigation brought pursuant to this section, and the manner, method, and procedures used in establishing parentage and in establishing and enforcing support obligations unless and until the parent who requested or is receiving support enforcement services has requested in writing that the local child support agency close the case and the case has been closed in accordance with state and federal regulation or policy.
(f)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17404(f)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17404(f)(1) A parent who has requested or is receiving support enforcement services of the local child support agency may take independent action to modify a support order made pursuant to this section while support enforcement services are being provided by the local child support agency. The parent shall serve the local child support agency with notice of any action filed to modify the support order and provide the local child support agency with a copy of the modified order within 15 calendar days after the date the order is issued.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17404(f)(2) A parent who has requested or is receiving support enforcement services of the local child support agency may take independent action to enforce a support order made pursuant to this section while support enforcement services are being provided by the local child support agency with the written consent of the local child support agency. At least 30 days prior to filing an independent enforcement action, the parent shall provide the local child support agency with written notice of the parent’s intent to file an enforcement action that includes a description of the type of enforcement action the parent intends to file. Within 30 days of receiving the notice, the local child support agency shall either provide written consent for the parent to proceed with the independent enforcement action or notify the parent that the local child support agency objects to the parent filing the proposed independent enforcement action. The local child support agency may object only if the local child support agency is currently using an administrative or judicial method to enforce the support obligation or if the proposed independent enforcement action would interfere with an investigation being conducted by the local child support agency. If the local child support agency does not respond to the parent’s written notice within 30 days, the local child support agency shall be deemed to have given consent.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17404(f)(3) The court shall order that all payments of support shall be made to the local child support agency in any action filed under this section by the parent who has requested, or is receiving, support enforcement services of the local child support agency unless support enforcement services have been terminated by the local child support agency by case closure as provided by state and federal law. Any order obtained by a parent prior to support enforcement services being terminated in which the local child support agency did not receive proper notice pursuant to this section shall be voidable upon the motion of the local child support agency.
(g)CA Family Law Code § 17404(g) Any notice from the local child support agency requesting a meeting with the support obligor for any purpose authorized under this section shall contain a statement advising the support obligor of the right to have an attorney present at the meeting.
(h)CA Family Law Code § 17404(h) For the purpose of this section, “a parent who is receiving support enforcement services” includes a parent who has assigned their rights to support pursuant to Section 11477 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17404(i) The Judicial Council shall develop forms to implement this section.
child support agency parentage determination genetic tests ...

Section § 17404.1

Explanation

This section lays out procedures for handling child support petitions. The local child support agency can either seek a summons or request a court order for the other party to show why the requested support shouldn't be granted. Respondents can be served with a proposed judgment, which assumes income at the state minimum wage unless they provide proof otherwise. Respondents must respond within 30 days, or the judgment takes effect. If a summons or order to show cause is issued, the respondent must be served with all related documents, and they need to be served at least 15 days before a hearing. Respondents get forms to reply and declare income.

If child support was set based on presumed income, it can later be altered per Section 17432. Note, this law is set to expire on January 1, 2026.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(a) Upon receipt of a petition or comparable pleading pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9, the local child support agency or petitioner may either (1) request the issuance of a summons or (2) request the court to issue an order requiring the respondent to appear personally at a specified time and place to show cause why an order should not be issued as prayed in the petition or comparable pleading on file.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(b) The respondent may also be served with a proposed judgment consistent with the relief sought in the petition or other comparable pleading. If the respondent’s income or income history is unknown to the local child support agency, the local child support agency may serve a form of proposed judgment with the petition and other documents on the respondent that shall inform the respondent that income shall be presumed to be the amount of the state minimum wage, at 40 hours per week, unless information concerning the respondent’s income is provided to the court. The respondent shall also receive notice that the proposed judgment will become effective if the respondent fails to file a response with the court within 30 days after service.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(c) If a summons is issued for a petition or comparable pleading pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9, the local child support agency or petitioner shall cause a copy of the summons, petition, and other documents to be served upon the respondent according to law.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(d) If an order to show cause is issued on a petition or comparable pleading pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9 requiring the respondent to appear at a specified time and place to respond to the petition, a copy of the order to show cause, the petition, and other documents shall be served upon the respondent at least 15 days prior to the hearing.
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(e) A petition or comparable pleading served upon a respondent in accordance with this section shall be accompanied by a blank responsive form that shall permit the respondent to answer the petition and raise any defenses by checking applicable boxes and by a blank income and expense declaration or simplified financial statement together with instructions for completion of the forms.
(f)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(f) In any action pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9 in which the judgment was obtained pursuant to presumed income, as set forth in this section, the court may set aside that part of the judgment or order concerning the amount of child support to be paid on the grounds specified and in the manner set forth in Section 17432.
(g)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(g) This section shall become inoperative on January 1, 2026, and, as of January 1, 2027, is repealed.
child support petition local child support agency summons request ...

Section § 17404.1

Explanation

This section outlines what happens when a child support petition is filed in California. When the local child support agency or the person filing the petition receives it, they can either ask for a summons or request the court to order the other parent to show up in court. The other parent might also get a proposed judgment that shows how much child support is being requested. This amount is based on California's guidelines for determining income. If the judgment relies on the parent's earning capacity, the agency must file a formal motion. Summons must be served with all necessary documents, at least 15 days before any hearing if the other parent is required to appear. The parent receiving the petition will also get a form to respond and submit financial details.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(a) Upon receipt of a petition or comparable pleading pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9, the local child support agency or petitioner may either (1) request the issuance of a summons or (2) request the court to issue an order requiring the respondent to appear personally at a specified time and place to show cause why an order should not be issued as prayed in the petition or comparable pleading on file.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(b) The respondent may also be served with a proposed judgment consistent with the relief sought in the petition or other comparable pleading. The petition or other comparable pleading shall provide notice to the obligor of the amount of child support that is being sought pursuant to the guidelines set forth in Article 2 (commencing with Section 4050) of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Division 9 based upon the methodology for determining the obligor’s income for purposes of a simplified complaint as required by subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of Section 17400.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(c) If the proposed judgment is based on the support obligor’s earning capacity pursuant to clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of Section 17400, the local child support agency shall file a motion for judgment, as provided in subdivision (b) of Section 17404.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(d) If a summons is issued for a petition or comparable pleading pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9, the local child support agency or petitioner shall cause a copy of the summons, petition, and other documents to be served upon the respondent according to law.
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(e) If an order to show cause is issued on a petition or comparable pleading pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9 requiring the respondent to appear at a specified time and place to respond to the petition, a copy of the order to show cause, the petition, and other documents shall be served upon the respondent at least 15 days prior to the hearing.
(f)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(f) A petition or comparable pleading served upon a respondent in accordance with this section shall be accompanied by a blank responsive form that shall permit the respondent to answer the petition and raise any defenses by checking applicable boxes and by a blank income and expense declaration or simplified financial statement together with instructions for completion of the forms.
(g)CA Family Law Code § 17404.1(g) This section shall become operative January 1, 2026.
child support petition local child support agency summons ...

Section § 17404.2

Explanation

This law explains what should happen if a child support case is filed or registered in the wrong county or if the involved parties move to a different area. If the paperwork ends up in the wrong county or the county no longer makes sense for the case, it should be forwarded to the right place without being officially filed. If someone involved relocates, the case may be transferred to the appropriate court in another county or state. Notifications about these changes must be sent to everyone involved. However, the case may stay in the original county if it makes sense until it's finished.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17404.2(a) If, prior to filing, a petition or comparable pleading pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9 is received by the local child support agency or the superior court and the county in which the pleadings are received is not the appropriate jurisdiction for trial of the action, the court or the local child support agency shall forward the pleadings and any accompanying documents to the appropriate court of this state or to the jurisdiction of another state without filing the pleadings or order of the court, and shall notify the petitioner, the California Central Registry, and the local child support agency of the receiving county where and when the pleading was sent.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17404.2(b) If, after a petition or comparable pleading has been filed with the superior court of a county pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9, it appears that the respondent is not or is no longer a resident of the county in which the action has been filed, upon ex parte application by the local child support agency or petitioner, the court shall transfer the action to the appropriate court of this state or to the appropriate jurisdiction of another state and shall notify the petitioner, the respondent, the California Central Registry, and the local child support agency of the receiving county where and when the pleading was sent.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17404.2(c) If, after entry of an order by a court of this state or an order of another state registered in a court of this state for enforcement or modification pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9, it appears that the respondent is not or is no longer a resident of the county in which the foreign order has been registered, upon ex parte application by the local child support agency of the transferring or receiving county or the petitioner, the court shall transfer the registered order and all documents subsequently filed in that action to the appropriate court of this state and shall notify the petitioner, the respondent, the California Central Registry, and the local child support agency of the transferring and receiving county where and when the registered order and all other appropriate documents were sent. Transfer of certified copies of documents shall meet the requirements of this section.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17404.2(d) If, in an action initiated in a court of this state pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9 or a predecessor law for interstate enforcement of support, the petitioner is no longer a resident of the county in which the action has been filed, upon ex parte application by the petitioner or the local child support agency, the court shall transfer the action to the appropriate court of this state and shall notify the responding jurisdiction where and when the action was transferred.
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17404.2(e) Notwithstanding subdivisions (b) and (c), if the respondent becomes a resident of another county or jurisdiction after an action or registered order has been filed pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9, the action may remain in the county where the action was filed until the action is completed.
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Section § 17404.3

Explanation

This law says that in child support cases where the local child support agency is involved, hearings can be held by phone, video, or other electronic methods. The Judicial Council must create rules for this to happen by July 1, 2016.

Hearings by telephone, audiovisual means, or other electronic means shall be permitted in child support cases in which the local child support agency is providing child support services. The Judicial Council shall adopt court rules implementing this provision and subdivision (f) of Section 5700.316 on or before July 1, 2016.
child support cases local child support agency telephone hearings ...

Section § 17404.4

Explanation

This law says if a parent who is raising a child wants help enforcing a child support order, or has given up their right to receive support payments to another agency, the California child support department or local agency can change who gets the payment. They need to let the court that made the original support order know about this change.

In exercising the jurisdiction under Section 5700.319, either the department or the local child support agency shall issue a notice to change payee on a support order issued in this state, upon request from the support enforcement agency of another state where a custodial party has either assigned the right to receive support or has requested support enforcement services. Notice of the administrative change of payee shall be filed with the court in which the order was issued or last registered.
child support order change payee support enforcement agency ...

Section § 17405

Explanation

This law requires local child support agencies to interview the custodial parent within 10 business days of opening a child support case. During this interview, they must gather financial and other important details about the noncustodial parent. The agency is expected to use this information right away and conduct follow-up interviews with the custodial parent whenever necessary.

In carrying out duties under this article, the local child support agency shall interview the custodial parent within 10 business days of opening a child support case. This interview shall solicit financial and all other information about the noncustodial parent. This information shall be acted upon immediately. The local child support agency shall reinterview the custodial parent as needed.
local child support agency interview custodial parent noncustodial parent information ...

Section § 17406

Explanation

This law is about the roles of local child support agencies and the Attorney General in child paternity and support cases. These agencies represent public interests in establishing and enforcing support obligations but do not act as attorneys for individuals involved in these cases. People must be notified that no personal legal representation is offered by these agencies, and any information shared with them isn't private or protected. Notifications must be clear, bold, and in plain language, and provided promptly. Individuals have the right to attend support hearings, review related documents, and pursue independent legal actions if they aren't getting government assistance. Agencies need to keep all parties informed about hearings, decisions, and orders regarding child support, and seek consent before any agreement changes the terms of support obligations. The rules differ in foster care cases.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17406(a) In all actions involving paternity or support, including, but not limited to, other proceedings under this code, and under Division 9 (commencing with Section 10000) of the Welfare and Institutions Code, the local child support agency and the Attorney General represent the public interest in establishing, modifying, and enforcing support obligations. No attorney-client relationship shall be deemed to have been created between the local child support agency or Attorney General and any person by virtue of the action of the local child support agency or the Attorney General in carrying out these statutory duties.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17406(b) Subdivision (a) is declaratory of existing law.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17406(c) In all requests for services of the local child support agency or Attorney General pursuant to Section 17400 relating to actions involving paternity or support, not later than the same day an individual makes a request for these services in person, and not later than five working days after either (1) a case is referred for services from the county welfare department, (2) receipt of a request by mail for an application for services, or (3) an individual makes a request for services by telephone, the local child support agency or Attorney General shall give notice to the individual requesting services or on whose behalf services have been requested that the local child support agency or Attorney General does not represent the individual or the children who are the subject of the case, that no attorney-client relationship exists between the local child support agency or Attorney General and those persons, and that no such representation or relationship shall arise if the local child support agency or Attorney General provides the services requested. Notice shall be in bold print and in plain English and shall be translated into the language understandable by the recipient when reasonable. The notice shall include the advice that the absence of an attorney-client relationship means that communications from the recipient are not privileged and that the local child support agency or Attorney General may provide support enforcement services to the other parent in the future.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17406(d) The local child support agency or Attorney General shall give the notice required pursuant to subdivision (c) to all recipients of services under Section 17400 who have not otherwise been provided that notice, not later than the date of the next annual notice required under Section 11476.2 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. This notice shall include notification to the recipient of services under Section 17400 that the recipient may inspect the clerk’s file at the office of the clerk of the court, and that, upon request, the local child support agency, or, if appropriate, the Attorney General, will furnish a copy of the most recent order entered in the case.
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17406(e) The local child support agency or, if appropriate, the Attorney General shall serve a copy of the complaint for paternity or support, or both, on recipients of support services under Section 17400, as specified in paragraph (2) of subdivision (e) of Section 17404. A notice shall accompany the complaint that informs the recipient that the local child support agency or Attorney General may enter into a stipulated order resolving the complaint, and that the recipient shall assist the prosecuting attorney, by sending all information on the noncustodial parent’s earnings and assets to the prosecuting attorney.
(f)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17406(f)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17406(f)(1) (A) The local child support agency or Attorney General shall provide written notice to recipients of services under Section 17400 of the initial date and time, and purpose of every hearing in a civil action for paternity or support.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17406(f)(1)(B) Once the parent who has requested or is receiving support enforcement services becomes a party to the action pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 17404, in lieu of the above, the local child support agency or Attorney General shall serve on a parent all pleadings relating to paternity or support that have been served on the local child support agency by the other parent. The pleading shall be accompanied by a notice.
(C)CA Family Law Code § 17406(f)(1)(C) The notice provided subject to subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall include the following language:
It may be important that you attend the hearing. The local child support agency does not represent you or your children. You may have information about the other parent, such as information about that parent’s income or assets that will not be presented to the court unless you attend the hearing. You have the right to attend the hearing and to be heard in court and tell the court what you think the court should do with the child support order. This hearing could change your rights or your children’s rights to support.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17406(2) The notice shall state the purpose of the hearing or be attached to the motion or other pleading which caused the hearing to be scheduled.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17406(3) The notice shall be provided separate from all other material and shall be in at least 14-point type. The failure of the local child support agency or Attorney General to provide the notice required pursuant to subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) does not affect the validity of any order.
(4)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17406(4)
(A)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17406(4)(A) The notice required pursuant to subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) shall be provided not later than seven calendar days prior to the hearing, or, if the local child support agency or Attorney General receives notice of the hearing less than seven days prior to the hearing, within two days of the receipt by the local child support agency or Attorney General of the notice of the hearing.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17406(4)(A)(B) Service of the notice and the pleadings required pursuant to subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) shall be completed not later than five days after receipt of the pleadings served on the local child support agency by the parent.
(5)CA Family Law Code § 17406(5) The local child support agency or Attorney General shall, in order to implement this subdivision, make reasonable efforts to ensure that the local child support agency or Attorney General has current addresses for all parties to the child support action.
(g)CA Family Law Code § 17406(g) The local child support agency or Attorney General shall give notice to recipients of services under Section 17400 of every order obtained by the local child support agency or Attorney General that establishes or modifies the support obligation for the recipient or the children who are the subject of the order, by sending a copy of the order to the recipient. The notice shall be made within the time specified by federal law after the order has been filed. The local child support agency or Attorney General shall also give notice to these recipients of every order obtained in any other jurisdiction that establishes or modifies the support obligation for the recipient or the children who are the subject of the order, and which is received by the local child support agency or Attorney General, by sending a copy of the order to the recipient within the timeframe specified by federal law after the local child support agency or Attorney General has received a copy of the order. In any action enforced under Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9, the notice shall be made in compliance with the requirements of that chapter. The failure of the local child support agency or Attorney General to comply with this subdivision does not affect the validity of any order.
(h)CA Family Law Code § 17406(h) The local child support agency or Attorney General shall give notice to the noncustodial parent against whom a civil action is filed that the local child support agency or Attorney General is not the attorney representing any individual, including, but not limited to, the custodial parent, the child, or the noncustodial parent.
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17406(i) This section does not preclude a person who is receiving services under Section 17400 from filing and prosecuting an independent action to establish, modify, and enforce an order for current support on behalf of that person or a child if that person is not receiving public assistance.
(j)CA Family Law Code § 17406(j) A person who is receiving services under Section 17400 but who is not currently receiving public assistance on their own behalf or on behalf of a child shall be asked to execute, or consent to, any stipulation establishing or modifying a support order in any action in which that person is named as a party, before the stipulation is filed. The local child support agency or Attorney General may not submit to the court for approval a stipulation to establish or modify a support order in the action without first obtaining the signatures of all parties to the action, their attorneys of record, or persons authorized to act on their behalf. Any stipulation approved by the court in violation of this subdivision shall be void.
(k)CA Family Law Code § 17406(k) The local child support agency or Attorney General may not enter into a stipulation that reduces the amount of past due support, including interest and penalties accrued pursuant to an order of current support, on behalf of a person who is receiving support enforcement services under Section 17400 and who is owed support arrearages that exceed unreimbursed public assistance paid to the recipient of the support enforcement services, without first obtaining the consent of the person who is receiving services under Section 17400 on their own behalf or on behalf of the child.
(l)CA Family Law Code § 17406(l) The notices required in this section shall be provided in the following manner:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17406(l)(1) In all cases in which the person receiving services under Section 17400 resides in California, notice shall be provided by mailing the item by first-class mail to the last known address of, or personally delivering the item to, that person.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17406(l)(2) In all actions enforced under Part 6 (commencing with Section 5700.101) of Division 9, unless otherwise specified, notice shall be provided by mailing the item by first-class mail to the initiating court.
(m)CA Family Law Code § 17406(m) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the notices provided for pursuant to subdivisions (c) to (g), inclusive, are not required in foster care cases.
child support agency Attorney General paternity cases ...

Section § 17407

Explanation

This law says that if the Attorney General believes a child support or related order is wrong and needs to be reviewed by a higher court, or that it is correct and should be defended, they can choose to appeal or oppose an appeal. This applies to orders made by courts in California or in other states. The costs of doing this can be covered by the Attorney General's office.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17407(a) If the Attorney General is of the opinion that a support order or support-related order is erroneous and presents a question of law warranting an appeal, or that an order is sound and should be defended on appeal, in the public interest the Attorney General may:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17407(a)(1) Perfect or oppose an appeal to the proper appellate court if the order was issued by a court of this state.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17407(a)(2) If the order was issued in another state, cause an appeal to be taken or opposed in the other state.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17407(b) In either case, expenses of the appeal may be paid on order of the Attorney General from funds appropriated for the Office of the Attorney General.
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Section § 17407.5

Explanation

This law says that if there was a state reciprocity declaration made by the California Attorney General by the end of 2015, or according to a specific section of the law, it stays valid unless one of three things happens: 1) the Attorney General revokes it or it's deemed invalid; 2) a new agreement with the other party replaces it; or 3) the other party agrees to the Hague Convention on Child Support.

A declaration of state reciprocity issued by the Attorney General on or before December 31, 2015, and a declaration issued pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 5700.308, shall remain in full force and effect unless one of the following occurs:
(a)CA Family Law Code § 17407.5(a) The declaration is revoked or declared invalid by the Attorney General, in consultation with the department, or by the other party to the reciprocity agreement.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17407.5(b) The declaration is superseded by a subsequent federal bilateral agreement with the other party.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17407.5(c) The declaration is superseded by the other party’s ratification of or accession to the Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance.
state reciprocity declaration Attorney General revoked declaration ...

Section § 17408

Explanation

This law allows a local child support agency to ask the court to combine multiple support obligations that one person owes into a single case file. The court can then make it easier for enforcing and managing these obligations. The cases can be combined as long as they involve the same parents and it's the right location under the law. Once combined, only the primary file will be used for related court actions, and there can be a single wage assignment to collect support owed. This streamlines handling support orders and ensures everything is managed in one place.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17408(a) Notwithstanding Section 17404, upon noticed motion of the local child support agency, the superior court may consolidate or combine support or reimbursement arrearages owed by one obligor to one obligee in two or more court files into a single court file, or combine or consolidate two or more orders for current child support into a single court file. A motion to consolidate may be made by a local child support agency only if it is seeking to enforce the orders being consolidated. The motion shall be filed only in the court file the local child support agency is seeking to have designated as the primary file.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17408(b) Orders may be consolidated regardless of the nature of the underlying action, whether initiated under the Welfare and Institutions Code, this code, or another law. Orders for support shall not be consolidated unless the children involved have the same mother and father and venue is proper pursuant to Section 17400.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17408(c) Upon consolidation of orders, the court shall designate which court file the support orders are being consolidated into the primary file, and which court files are subordinate. Upon consolidation, the court shall order the local child support agency to file a notice in the subordinate court actions indicating the support orders in those actions were consolidated into the primary file. The notice shall state the date of the consolidation, the name of the court, and the primary file number.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17408(d) Upon consolidation of orders, the superior court shall not issue further orders pertaining to support in a subordinate court file; and all enforcement and modification of support orders shall occur in the primary court action.
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17408(e) After consolidation of court orders, a single wage assignment for current support and arrearages may be issued when possible.
child support consolidation local child support agency support arrearages ...

Section § 17410

Explanation

This law allows for a chance to voluntarily acknowledge being a child's parent before a paternity case goes to court. Both the mother and alleged father can sign a paternity declaration to confirm parenthood. This can happen anytime, before or after a case is started. If the alleged father doesn't want to sign a voluntary declaration, there's an alternative to agree to paternity through a formal agreement after the case has begun.

In any action filed by the local child support agency pursuant to Section 17402 or 17404, the local child support agency shall provide the mother and the alleged father the opportunity to voluntarily acknowledge paternity by signing a paternity declaration as described in Section 7574 prior to a hearing or trial where the paternity of a minor child is at issue. The opportunity to voluntarily acknowledge paternity may be provided either before or after an action pursuant to Section 17402 or 17404 is filed and served upon the alleged father. For the purpose of meeting the requirements of this section, the local child support agency may afford the defendant an opportunity to enter into a stipulation for judgment of paternity after an action for paternity has been filed in lieu of the voluntary declaration of paternity.
paternity declaration voluntary acknowledgment minor child paternity ...

Section § 17412

Explanation

This law allows the local child support agency to start a child support case based on a voluntary declaration of parentage, which is a document parents can sign to confirm who a child's parents are. This declaration is treated as if it were a decision made by a court about who the parents are, unless it's been canceled or invalidated by certain legal procedures. The court will use this declaration to make support orders for the child. Additionally, the Judicial Council is responsible for creating the necessary forms and procedures to carry out this law, which started being active on January 1, 2020.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17412(a) Notwithstanding any other law, an action for child support may be brought by the local child support agency on behalf of a minor child or caretaker parent based upon a voluntary declaration of parentage as provided in Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 7570) of Part 2 of Division 12.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17412(b) Except as provided in Sections 7580 and 7581, the voluntary declaration of parentage shall be given the same force and effect as a judgment for parentage entered by a court of competent jurisdiction. The court shall make appropriate orders for support of the minor child based upon the voluntary declaration of parentage unless evidence is presented that the voluntary declaration of parentage has been rescinded by the parties or set aside by a court as provided in Section 7575, 7576, or 7577.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17412(c) The Judicial Council shall develop the forms and procedures necessary to implement this section.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17412(d) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.
voluntary declaration of parentage child support local child support agency ...

Section § 17414

Explanation

This law says that if there's a case to determine who a child's parent is, brought by the local child support agency, the court will officially recognize the parent-child relationship if both parties sign an agreement. This agreement must include a document that explains and waives certain rights, and the person being identified as the parent must sign it. The Judicial Council is responsible for creating this rights waiver document.

In any action or proceeding brought by the local child support agency to establish parentage pursuant to Section 17400, the court shall enter a judgment establishing parentage upon the filing of a written stipulation between the parties provided that the stipulation is accompanied by a written advisement and waiver of rights which is signed by the defendant. The written advisement and waiver of rights shall be developed by the Judicial Council.
parentage child support agency written stipulation ...

Section § 17415

Explanation

This law requires county welfare departments to refer cases to local child support agencies if a parent is absent or unmarried parentage hasn't been established when someone applies for public assistance like Medi-Cal. The local agencies must investigate child support and paternity claims, except when adoption is being considered. Public assistance won't be delayed due to these investigations. If only Medi-Cal is needed, child support services are optional. Existing orders override any support agreement made with these agencies. Once a family stops getting assistance, support enforcement continues unless requested to stop. Local agencies can use interstate or federal resources to secure support, resorting to federal help if needed.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17415(a) It shall be the duty of the county welfare department to refer all cases in which a parent is absent from the home, or in which the parents are unmarried and parentage has not been established by the completion and filing of a voluntary declaration of paternity pursuant to Section 7573 or a court of competent jurisdiction, to the local child support agency immediately at the time the application for public assistance, including Medi-Cal benefits, or certificate of eligibility, is signed by the applicant or recipient, except as provided in Section 17552 and Sections 11477 and 11477.04 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. If an applicant is found to be ineligible, the applicant shall be notified in writing that the referral of the case to the local child support agency may be terminated at the applicant’s request. The county welfare department shall cooperate with the local child support agency and shall make available all pertinent information pursuant to Section 17505.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17415(b) Upon referral from the county welfare department, the local child support agency shall investigate the question of nonsupport or paternity and shall take all steps necessary to obtain child support for the needy child, enforce spousal support as part of the state plan under Section 17604, and determine paternity in the case of a child born out of wedlock. Upon the advice of the county welfare department that a child is being considered for adoption, the local child support agency shall delay the investigation and other actions with respect to the case until advised that the adoption is no longer under consideration. The granting of public assistance or Medi-Cal benefits to an applicant shall not be delayed or contingent upon investigation by the local child support agency.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17415(c) In cases where Medi-Cal benefits are the only assistance provided, the local child support agency shall provide child and spousal support services unless the recipient of the services notifies the local child support agency that only services related to securing health insurance benefits are requested.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17415(d) Whenever a court order has been obtained, any contractual agreement for support between the local child support agency or the county welfare department and the noncustodial parent shall be deemed null and void to the extent that it is not consistent with the court order.
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17415(e) Whenever a family that has been receiving public assistance, including Medi-Cal, ceases to receive assistance, including Medi-Cal, the local child support agency shall, to the extent required by federal regulations, continue to enforce support payments from the noncustodial parent until the individual on whose behalf the enforcement efforts are made sends written notice to the local child support agency requesting that enforcement services be discontinued.
(f)CA Family Law Code § 17415(f) The local child support agency shall, when appropriate, utilize reciprocal arrangements adopted with other states in securing support from an absent parent. In individual cases where utilization of reciprocal arrangements has proven ineffective, the local child support agency may forward to the Attorney General a request to utilize federal courts in order to obtain or enforce orders for child or spousal support. If reasonable efforts to collect amounts assigned pursuant to Section 11477 of the Welfare and Institutions Code have failed, the local child support agency may request that the case be forwarded to the United States Treasury Department for collection in accordance with federal regulations. The Attorney General, when appropriate, shall forward these requests to the Secretary of Health and Human Services, or a designated representative.
county welfare department child support agency absent parent ...

Section § 17416

Explanation

This law allows local child support agencies to make agreements with noncustodial parents about child and spousal support. These agreements can turn into judgments without a lawsuit. Key rules include needing a lawyer's advice or a judge's review to ensure the parent understands their rights. Once the agreement becomes a judgment, it can be enforced like any other. The court can also change the support amount or who receives it based on new situations. A hearing can be requested within 10 days, and the agency handles serving these judgments. If a parent has legal difficulties related to neglecting child support, the court can pause criminal proceedings if the parent follows these rules. This law doesn't apply if a lawsuit has already started.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17416(a) When the local child support agency has undertaken enforcement of support, the local child support agency may enter into an agreement with the noncustodial parent, on behalf of a minor child or children, a spouse, or former spouse for the entry of a judgment without action determining paternity, if applicable, and for periodic child and spousal support payments based on the noncustodial parent’s reasonable ability to pay or, if for spousal support, an amount previously ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction. An agreement for entry of a judgment under this section may be executed prior to the birth of the child and may include a provision that the judgment is not to be entered until after the birth of the child.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17416(b) A judgment based on the agreement shall be entered only if one of the following requirements is satisfied:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17416(b)(1) The noncustodial parent is represented by legal counsel and the attorney signs a certificate stating: “I have examined the proposed judgment and have advised my client concerning their rights in connection with this matter and the consequences of signing or not signing the agreement for the entry of the judgment and my client, after being so advised, has agreed to the entry of the judgment.”
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17416(b)(2) A judge of the court in which the judgment is to be entered, after advising the noncustodial parent concerning their rights in connection with the matter and the consequences of agreeing or not agreeing to the entry of the judgment, makes a finding that the noncustodial parent has appeared before the judge and the judge has determined that under the circumstances of the particular case the noncustodial parent has willingly, knowingly, and intelligently waived due process rights in agreeing to the entry of the judgment.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17416(c) The clerk shall file the agreement, together with any certificate of the attorney or finding of the court, without the payment of any fees or charges. If the requirements of this section are satisfied, the court shall enter judgment thereon without action. The provisions of Article 4 (commencing with Section 4200) of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Division 9 or Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 4350) of Part 3 of Division 9 shall apply to the judgment. A judgment for support so entered may be enforced by any means by which any other judgment for support may be enforced.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17416(d) Upon request of the local child support agency in any case under this section, the clerk shall set the matter for hearing by the court. The hearing shall be held within 10 days after the clerk receives the request. The local child support agency may require the person who signed the agreement for the entry of judgment to attend the hearing by process of subpoena in the same manner as the attendance of a witness in a civil action may be required. The presence of the person who signed the agreement for entry of judgment at the hearing shall constitute the presence of the person in court at the time the order is pronounced for the purposes of Section 1209.5 of the Code of Civil Procedure if the court makes the findings required by paragraph (2) of subdivision (b).
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17416(e) The local child support agency shall cause the following to be served, in the manner specified in Section 415.10, 415.20, 415.30, or 415.40 of the Code of Civil Procedure, upon the person who signed the agreement for entry of the judgment and shall file proof of service thereof with the court:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17416(e)(1) A copy of the judgment as entered.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17416(e)(2) If the judgment includes an order for child or spousal support payments, a notice stating the substance of the following: “The court has continuing authority to make an order increasing or decreasing the amount of the child or spousal support payments. You have the right to request that the court order the child and spousal support payments be decreased or eliminated entirely.”
(f)CA Family Law Code § 17416(f) An order for child and spousal support included in a judgment entered under this section may be modified or revoked as provided in Article 1 (commencing with Section 3650) of Chapter 6 of Part 1 of Division 9 and in (1) Article 1 (commencing with Section 4000) of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Division 9 or (2) Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 4320) and Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 4330) of Part 3 of Division 9. The court may modify the order to make the support payments payable to a different person.
(g)CA Family Law Code § 17416(g) For the purposes of this section, in making a determination of the noncustodial parent’s reasonable ability to pay, any relevant circumstances set out in Section 4005 shall be considered.
(h)CA Family Law Code § 17416(h) After arrest and before plea or trial, or after conviction or plea of guilty, under Section 270 of the Penal Code, if the defendant appears before the court in which the criminal action is pending and the requirements of paragraph (1) or (2) of subdivision (b) have been satisfied, the court may suspend proceedings or sentence in the criminal action, but this does not limit the later institution of a civil or criminal action or limit the use of any other procedures available to enforce the judgment entered pursuant to this section.
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17416(i) Nothing in this section applies to a case where a civil action has been commenced.
noncustodial parent child support enforcement spousal support ...

Section § 17418

Explanation
The local child support agency must ask both parents how many kids they are required to support. Then, they need to take into account the needs of all these kids when figuring out how much financial support the court should order.
In enforcing the provisions of this division, the local child support agency shall inquire of both the custodial and noncustodial parent as to the number of minor children each is legally obligated to support. The local child support agency shall consider the needs of all of these children in computing the level of support requested to be ordered by the court.
local child support agency custodial parent noncustodial parent ...

Section § 17420

Explanation

If a court makes a decision about enforcing child support from a parent who doesn't have custody, it must order that the parent's wages be automatically deducted to pay for the support. This is done through an official earnings assignment order.

After judgment in any court action brought to enforce the support obligation of a noncustodial parent pursuant to the provisions of this division, the court shall issue an earnings assignment order for support pursuant to Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 5200) of Part 5 of Division 9.
noncustodial parent support obligation child support enforcement ...

Section § 17422

Explanation

This law explains what's needed on the state medical insurance form used for enforcing child or spousal support. It includes parental details, employment info, and insurance coverage specifics. When local child support agencies pursue support payments, they must have a completed form sent to the State Department of Health Care Services. If health insurance is too costly, they should still secure it if it later becomes affordable. Insurance is considered affordable if it costs less than 5% of a parent's gross income. Agencies must notify employers about lapses in coverage, communicate with the state about public assistance insurance gaps, and take action if a parent fails to provide required coverage. Applicants for enforcement services must be informed that medical support is part of these services.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17422(a) The state medical insurance form required in Article 1 (commencing with Section 3750) of Chapter 7 of Part 1 of Division 9 shall include, but shall not be limited to, all of the following:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17422(a)(1) The parent or parents’ names, addresses, and social security numbers.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17422(a)(2) The name and address of each parent’s place of employment.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17422(a)(3) The name or names, addresses, policy number or numbers, and coverage type of the medical insurance policy or policies of the parents, if any.
(4)CA Family Law Code § 17422(a)(4) The name, CalWORKs case number, social security number, and Title IV-E foster care case number or Medi-Cal case numbers of the parents and children covered by the medical insurance policy or policies.
(b)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17422(b)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17422(b)(1) In an action brought or enforcement proceeding instituted by the local child support agency under this division for payment of child or spousal support, a completed state medical insurance form shall be obtained and sent by the local child support agency to the State Department of Health Care Services in the manner prescribed by the State Department of Health Care Services.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17422(b)(2) Where it has been determined under Section 3751 that health insurance coverage is not available at no or reasonable cost, the local child support agency shall seek a provision in the support order that provides for health insurance coverage should it become available at no or reasonable cost.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17422(b)(3) Health insurance coverage shall be considered reasonable in cost if the cost to the responsible parent providing medical support does not exceed 5 percent of the parent’s gross income. In applying the 5 percent for the cost of health insurance, the cost is the difference between self-only and family coverage. If the obligor is entitled to a low-income adjustment as provided in paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section 4055, health insurance shall not be enforced, unless the court determines that not requiring medical support would be unjust and inappropriate in the particular case. As used in this section, “health insurance coverage” also includes providing for the delivery of health care services by a fee for service, health maintenance organization, preferred provider organization, or any other type of health care delivery system under which medical services could be provided to the dependent child or children of an absent parent.
(c)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17422(c)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17422(c)(1) The local child support agency shall request employers and other groups offering health insurance coverage that is being enforced under this division to notify the local child support agency if there has been a lapse in insurance coverage. The local child support agency shall be responsible for forwarding information pertaining to the health insurance policy secured for the dependent children for whom the local child support agency is enforcing the court-ordered medical support to the custodial parent.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17422(c)(2) The local child support agency shall periodically communicate with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine if there have been lapses in health insurance coverage for public assistance applicants and recipients. The State Department of Health Care Services shall notify the local child support agency when there has been a lapse in court-ordered insurance coverage.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17422(c)(3) The local child support agency shall take appropriate action, civil or criminal, to enforce the obligation to obtain health insurance when there has been a lapse in insurance coverage or failure by the responsible parent to obtain insurance as ordered by the court.
(4)CA Family Law Code § 17422(c)(4) The local child support agency shall inform all individuals upon their application for child support enforcement services that medical support enforcement services are available.
state medical insurance form parent details employment information ...

Section § 17424

Explanation

If a parent is given a medical insurance form related to child support, they must fill it out and return it to the local child support office within 20 days. The local agency then forwards this completed form to the appropriate department as instructed.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17424(a) A parent who has been served with a medical insurance form shall complete and return the form to the local child support agency’s office within 20 calendar days of the date the form was served.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17424(b) The local child support agency shall send the completed medical insurance form to the department in the manner prescribed by the department.
medical insurance form child support agency return deadline ...

Section § 17428

Explanation

This law allows for a supplemental complaint to be filed in child support or paternity cases, either before or after a final judgment has been made. The complaint could adjust or establish child support in accordance with existing guidelines for any children involved. You don't need court permission to file this additional complaint, but you must notify the other parties just like you did with the original lawsuit.

In any action or judgment brought or obtained pursuant to Section 17400, 17402, 17404, or 17416, a supplemental complaint may be filed, pursuant to Section 464 of the Code of Civil Procedure and Section 2330.1, either before or after a final judgment, seeking a judgment or order of paternity or support for a child of the mother and father of the child whose paternity and support are already in issue before the court. A supplemental judgment entered in the proceedings shall include, when appropriate and requested in the supplemental complaint, an order establishing or modifying support for all children named in the original or supplemental actions in conformity with the statewide uniform guideline for child support. A supplemental complaint for paternity or support of children may be filed without leave of court either before or after final judgment in the underlying action. Service of the supplemental summons and complaint shall be made in the manner provided for the initial service of a summons by the Code of Civil Procedure.
supplemental complaint paternity judgment child support modification ...

Section § 17430

Explanation

This law allows a judgment to be made without a hearing in child support cases filed by local child support agencies if the defendant doesn't respond within 30 days of being served with the necessary documents. If new financial information is received within this period that affects the support amount, the agency can adjust the proposed judgment and notify the defendant, extending their response time. Once the judgment is made, the defendant is notified via mail. This law is set to be officially removed by the beginning of 2027.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17430(a) Notwithstanding any other law, in an action filed by the local child support agency pursuant to Section 17400, 17402, or 17404, a judgment shall be entered without hearing, without the presentation of any other evidence or further notice to the defendant, upon the filing of proof of service by the local child support agency evidencing that more than 30 days have passed since the simplified summons and complaint, proposed judgment, blank answer, blank income and expense declaration, and all notices required by this division were served on the defendant.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17430(b) If the defendant fails to file an answer with the court within 30 days of having been served as specified in subdivision (d) of Section 17400, or at any time before the default judgment is entered, the proposed judgment filed with the original summons and complaint shall be conformed by the court as the final judgment and a copy provided to the local child support agency, unless the local child support agency has filed a declaration and amended proposed judgment pursuant to subdivision (c).
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17430(c) If the local child support agency receives additional financial information within 30 days of service of the complaint and proposed judgment on the defendant and the additional information would result in a support order that is different from the amount in the proposed judgment, the local child support agency shall file a declaration setting forth the additional information and an amended proposed judgment. The declaration and amended proposed judgment shall be served on the defendant in compliance with Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure or otherwise as provided by law. The defendant’s time to answer or otherwise appear shall be extended to 30 days from the date of service of the declaration and amended proposed judgment.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17430(d) Upon entry of the judgment, the clerk of the court shall provide a conformed copy of the judgment to the local child support agency. The local child support agency shall mail by first-class mail, postage prepaid, a notice of entry of judgment by default and a copy of the judgment to the defendant to the address where the summons and complaint were served and last known address if different from that address.
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17430(e) This section shall become inoperative on January 1, 2026, and, as of January 1, 2027, is repealed.
child support agency default judgment summons and complaint ...

Section § 17430

Explanation

This law explains how child support judgments are handled when filed by local child support agencies, focusing on cases where the child support amount is based on either actual income or earning capacity. If the defendant doesn't respond within 30 days after being served, a judgment can be issued without a hearing. When based on earning capacity, the agency must ask for a court hearing. Defendants can participate in these hearings, even if they haven't submitted a response. If new information changes the support amount, the agency can amend the judgment. After a default judgment, the agency must review the case yearly to see if evidence allows for a modified support order. This section becomes effective on January 1, 2026.

(a)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17430(a)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17430(a)(1) Notwithstanding any other law, in an action filed by the local child support agency pursuant to Section 17400, 17402, 17404, or 17404.1, in which the proposed child support amount is based on actual income, a judgment shall be entered without hearing, without the presentation of any other evidence or further notice to the defendant, upon the filing of proof of service by the local child support agency evidencing that more than 30 days have passed since the simplified summons and complaint, proposed judgment, blank answer, blank income and expense declaration, and all notices required by this division were served on the defendant.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17430(a)(2) If the defendant fails to file an answer with the court within 30 days of having been served as specified in subdivision (d) of Section 17400 in an action in which the proposed child support amount is based on actual income, or at any time before the default judgment is entered, the proposed judgment filed with the original summons and complaint shall be conformed by the court as the final judgment and a copy provided to the local child support agency, unless the local child support agency has filed a declaration and amended proposed judgment pursuant to subdivision (c).
(b)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17430(b)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17430(b)(1) If the proposed judgment is based on the support obligor’s earning capacity pursuant to clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of Section 17400, the local child support agency shall file a motion for judgment, as provided in subdivision (b) of Section 17404. The motion for judgment filed pursuant to this paragraph shall be served on the defendant in compliance with Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure or otherwise as provided by law.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17430(b)(2) At the motion for judgment hearing, the court shall permit the appearance and participation of the defendant and the other parent in the hearing, including, but not limited to, sworn testimony and the introduction of evidence, regardless of whether the defendant has filed an answer to the complaint.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17430(b)(3) If the defendant fails to file an answer with the court and does not appear at the motion for judgment hearing, the judgment shall be entered by way of default after the court considers the factors set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 4058 and states its findings on the record. When considering those factors or any other relevant matter, the court may inquire of the local child support agency regarding the factors set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 4058 or any other relevant matter. If after consideration of the factors set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 4058 and the evidence presented by the local child support agency or the other parent the court determines that child support pursuant to the guidelines set forth in Article 2 (commencing with Section 4050) of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Division 9 would be lower than the proposed support obligation listed in the proposed judgment, the court shall enter an order for guideline child support. This paragraph does not limit the court’s discretion to order an amount higher than, lower than, or equal to the proposed support obligation listed in the proposed judgment based on the evidence presented if the defendant files an answer or appears at the motion for judgment hearing.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17430(c) If the local child support agency receives additional information before the answer is filed and the additional information would result in a support order that is different from the amount in the proposed judgment, the local child support agency shall file a declaration setting forth the additional information and an amended proposed judgment. The local child support agency shall be permitted to file the amended proposed judgment at any time after the filing of the initial summons and complaint and before the answer is filed. The declaration and amended proposed judgment shall be served on the defendant in compliance with Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure or otherwise as provided by law. The defendant’s time to answer or otherwise appear shall be extended to 30 days from the date of service of the declaration and amended proposed judgment.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17430(d) Upon entry of the judgment, the clerk of the court shall provide a conformed copy of the judgment to the local child support agency. The local child support agency shall mail by first-class mail, postage prepaid, a notice of entry of judgment by default and a copy of the judgment to the defendant to the address where the summons and complaint were served and last known address if different from that address.
(e)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17430(e)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17430(e)(1) (A) Notwithstanding any other law, if the judgment is entered by way of default from a proposed support order that is based on earning capacity pursuant to clause (iii) of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of Section 17400, within one year after entry of judgment and then annually thereafter, until a modified order is entered, the local child support agency shall conduct a review of the case to determine if there is sufficient additional evidence of income or earning capacity as described by Section 4058 available to establish actual income of the defendant or a different earning capacity, as described by subdivision (b) of Section 4058, from that which was the basis of the initial support order.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17430(e)(1)(B) If after any review pursuant to subparagraph (A), the local child support agency determines sufficient additional evidence exists, the local child support agency shall file a motion to modify the support order prospectively with the court within 60 days of its determination, and additional evidence shall constitute a change in circumstances to obtain a modification of the support order. This subdivision does not prohibit the local child support agency from filing the motion to modify pursuant to this subdivision prior to the expiration of any annual review period if additional evidence is discovered sooner.
(2)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17430(e)(2)
(A)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17430(e)(2)(A) Notwithstanding any other law, if the judgment is entered by way of default from a proposed support order that is based on earning capacity pursuant to clause (iii) of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of Section 17400, the defendant or the other parent may file a motion to modify the initial support order prospectively if sufficient additional evidence becomes available to establish actual income of the defendant or a different earning capacity.
(B)CA Family Law Code § 17430(e)(2)(A)(B) Additional evidence available pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall constitute a change in circumstances to obtain a modification of the initial support order.
(f)CA Family Law Code § 17430(f) This section shall become operative January 1, 2026.
child support agency default judgment actual income ...

Section § 17432

Explanation

This law allows courts to adjust child support orders if they were based on 'presumed income' and the defendant's real income is significantly different. It applies to judgments made after a defendant didn't respond in time. To change the support amount, the defendant must prove their actual income differs by 10% or more from what was presumed. The request must be filed within a year of the first collection of support payments. Courts will consider time passed, reasons for the default, and hardships on everyone involved before deciding. If the order is changed, new child support guidelines will be used.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17432(a) In any action filed by the local child support agency pursuant to Section 17400, 17402, or 17404, the court may, on any terms that may be just, set aside that part of the judgment or order concerning the amount of child support to be paid. This relief may be granted after the six-month time limit of Section 473 of the Code of Civil Procedure has elapsed, based on the grounds, and within the time limits, specified in this section.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17432(b) This section shall apply only to judgments or orders for support that were based upon presumed income as specified in subdivision (d) of Section 17400 and that were entered after the entry of the default of the defendant under Section 17430. This section shall apply only to the amount of support ordered and not that portion of the judgment or order concerning the determination of parentage.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17432(c) The court may set aside the child support order contained in a judgment described in subdivision (b) if the defendant’s income was substantially different for the period of time during which judgment was effective compared with the income the defendant was presumed to have. A “substantial difference” means that amount of income that would result in an order for support that deviates from the order entered by default by 10 percent or more.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17432(d) Application for relief under this section shall be filed together with an income and expense declaration or simplified financial statement or other information concerning income for any relevant years. The Judicial Council may combine the application for relief under this section and the proposed answer into a single form.
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17432(e) The burden of proving that the actual income of the defendant deviated substantially from the presumed income shall be on the party seeking to set aside the order.
(f)CA Family Law Code § 17432(f) A motion for relief under this section shall be filed within one year of the first collection of money by the local child support agency or the obligee. The one-year time period shall run from the date that the local child support agency receives the first collection.
(g)CA Family Law Code § 17432(g) Within three months from the date the local child support agency receives the first collection for any order established using presumed income, the local child support agency shall check all appropriate sources for income information, and if income information exists, the local child support agency shall make a determination whether the order qualifies for set aside under this section. If the order qualifies for set aside, the local child support agency shall bring a motion for relief under this section.
(h)CA Family Law Code § 17432(h) In all proceedings under this section, before granting relief, the court shall consider the amount of time that has passed since the entry of the order, the circumstances surrounding the defendant’s default, the relative hardship on the child or children to whom the duty of support is owed, the caretaker parent, and the defendant, and other equitable factors that the court deems appropriate.
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17432(i) If the court grants the relief requested, the court shall issue a new child support order using the appropriate child support guidelines currently in effect. The new order shall have the same commencement date as the order set aside.
(j)CA Family Law Code § 17432(j) The Judicial Council shall review and modify any relevant forms for purposes of this section. Any modifications to the forms shall be effective July 1, 2005. Prior to the implementation of any modified Judicial Council forms, the local child support agency or custodial parent may file any request to set aside a default judgment under this section using Judicial Council Form FL-680 entitled “Notice of Motion (Governmental)” and Form FL-684 entitled “Request for Order and Supporting Declaration (Governmental).”
(k)CA Family Law Code § 17432(k) This section shall become inoperative on January 1, 2026, and, as of January 1, 2027, is repealed.
child support modification presumed income default judgment ...

Section § 17432

Explanation

This law allows a court to change or cancel the amount of child support ordered if it turns out that the person paying support had a different income or earning ability than what was originally assumed when the order was made. This can be done even after the usual six-month time limit. It's only applicable to the support amount, not decisions about parentage or medical support. To make this change, the person requesting it must prove that their actual income was at least 10% different from the presumed income. This can be requested within two years of starting wage garnishment for child support. The court considers the timing, circumstances, and how changes would impact the children and parents. If the court agrees, a new support order is created using the latest guidelines. This law goes into effect on January 1, 2026.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17432(a) In any action filed by the local child support agency pursuant to Section 17400, 17402, 17404, or 17404.1, the court may, on any terms that may be just, set aside that part of the judgment or order concerning the amount of child support to be paid. This relief may be granted after the six-month time limit of Section 473 of the Code of Civil Procedure has elapsed, based on the grounds, and within the time limits, specified in this section.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17432(b) This section shall apply only to judgments or orders for support that were based upon presumed income or earning capacity and that were entered after the entry of the default of the support obligor as specified in Sections 17400, 17404.1, and 17430 or any predecessors of those sections in the Family Code or the Welfare and Institutions Code. This section shall apply only to the amount of support ordered and not that portion of the judgment or order concerning the determination of parentage or the obligation of medical support or health insurance.
(c)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17432(c)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17432(c)(1) The court may set aside the child support order contained in a judgment described in subdivision (b) if the support obligor’s income or earning capacity was substantially different for the period of time during which judgment was effective compared with the income or earning capacity the support obligor was presumed to have.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17432(c)(2) For purposes of this section, “substantially different” means that amount of income that would result in an order for support that deviates from the order entered by default by 10 percent or more.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17432(d) The court, in its discretion, may set aside and reinstate child support for all or partial relevant periods of time depending on the income or earning capacity information available at the time the motion is filed. Relief setting aside the child support order for less than the full period of time that the judgment was effective shall not preclude a subsequent review within the timeframe provided pursuant to subdivision (g).
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17432(e) Application for relief under this section shall be filed together with an income and expense declaration or simplified financial statement or other information concerning income or earning capacity for any relevant years. The Judicial Council may combine the application for relief under this section and the proposed answer into a single form.
(f)CA Family Law Code § 17432(f) The party seeking to set aside the order has the burden of proving that the actual income or earning capacity of the support obligor was substantially different from the presumed income or earning capacity.
(g)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17432(g)
(1)Copy CA Family Law Code § 17432(g)(1) A party to the action described in subdivision (a), including the local child support agency, may file a motion for relief pursuant to this section within two years of the local child support agency’s first collection of money through an earnings assignment order or an order or notice to withhold income for child support. The two-year time period shall run from the date that the local child support agency receives the first collection of money from one of the sources listed in this subdivision. Immediately upon receipt of the first collection of money from an earnings assignment order or order or notice to withhold income for child support, the local child support agency shall notify the support obligor and the support obligee in writing of the first collection, including the source of the collection, and the commencement of the two-year time period to file a motion for relief under this section.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17432(g)(2) This subdivision does not prohibit any party to the action, including the local child support agency, from filing a motion for relief under this section prior to the commencement of the two-year time period.
(h)CA Family Law Code § 17432(h) Within three months from the date the local child support agency receives the first collection for an order established using presumed income or earning capacity when the order was entered by default, the local child support agency shall check all appropriate sources for income information, and, if income information exists, the local child support agency shall determine whether the order qualifies for set aside under this section. If the order qualifies for set aside, the local child support agency shall bring a motion for relief under this section. When a party to the action, including the local child support agency, has taken subsequent legal action to modify the support prospectively, but did not address a possible set aside under this section, the subsequent modification shall not preclude the filing of a potential set aside at a later date.
(i)CA Family Law Code § 17432(i) In all proceedings under this section, before granting relief, the court shall consider the amount of time that has passed since the entry of the order, the circumstances surrounding the support obligor’s default, the relative hardship on the child or children to whom the duty of support is owed, the caretaker parent, and the support obligor, and other equitable factors that the court deems appropriate.
(j)CA Family Law Code § 17432(j) If the court grants the relief requested, the court shall issue a new child support order using the appropriate child support guidelines currently in effect. The new order shall have the same commencement date as the order set aside.
(k)CA Family Law Code § 17432(k) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2026.
child support adjustment presumed income earning capacity ...

Section § 17432.5

Explanation

By September 1, 2024, the Judicial Council has to create and approve new forms that are needed to put certain laws into practice. These forms must start being used by January 1, 2026.

No later than September 1, 2024, the Judicial Council shall adopt and approve any forms necessary to implement Sections 17400, 17404.1, 17430, and 17432 as added by the act that added this section. Forms adopted pursuant to this section shall have an effective date of January 1, 2026.
Judicial Council form adoption deadline effective date January 2026 ...

Section § 17433

Explanation

If someone is wrongly named as the person responsible for child or spousal support, they can be freed from that judgment or order. They also get access to certain legal remedies. This is for cases where a judgment was mistakenly entered against the wrong person.

In an action in which a judgment or order for support was entered after the entry of the default of the defendant under Section 17430, the court shall relieve the defendant from that judgment or order if the defendant establishes that the defendant was mistakenly identified in the order or in any subsequent documents or proceedings as the person having an obligation to provide support. The defendant shall also be entitled to the remedies specified in subdivisions (d) and (e) of Section 17530 with respect to any actions taken to enforce that judgment or order. This section is only intended to apply where an order has been entered against a person who is not the support obligor named in the judgment or order.
default judgment mistaken identity support obligor ...

Section § 17433.5

Explanation

This law states that when enforcing payments for child, spousal, family, or medical support, interest doesn't start to accumulate on any unpaid amounts for the current month until the first day of the next month.

In any action enforced pursuant to this article, no interest shall accrue on an obligation for current child, spousal, family, or medical support due in a given month until the first day of the following month.
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Section § 17434

Explanation

This section outlines the responsibilities of the department in creating and distributing a booklet that explains how to collect and pay child and spousal support in simple terms. The department will involve other agencies and organizations in ensuring the content is comprehensive and accurate. Counties must distribute these booklets to public assistance applicants and in court cases concerning minor child support. Additionally, a toll-free hotline must offer basic guidance and referrals, without giving actual legal advice, and maintain a list of local resources for callers.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17434(a) The department shall publish a booklet describing the proper procedures and processes for the collection and payment of child and spousal support. The booklet shall be written in language understandable to the lay person and shall direct the reader to obtain the assistance of the local child support agency, the family law facilitator, or legal counsel where appropriate. The department may contract on a competitive basis with an organization or individual to write the booklet.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17434(b) The department shall have primary responsibility for the design and development of the contents of the booklet. The department shall solicit comment regarding the content of the booklet from the Director of the Administrative Office of the Courts. The department shall verify the appropriateness and accuracy of the contents of the booklet with at least one representative of each of the following organizations:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17434(b)(1) A local child support agency.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17434(b)(2) The State Attorney General’s office.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17434(b)(3) A community organization that advocates for the rights of custodial parents.
(4)CA Family Law Code § 17434(b)(4) A community organization that advocates for the rights of supporting parents.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17434(c) Upon receipt of booklets on support collection, each county welfare department shall provide a copy to each head of household whose application for public assistance under Division 9 (commencing with Section 10000) of the Welfare and Institutions Code has been approved and for whom support rights have been assigned pursuant to Section 11477 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. The department shall provide copies of the booklet to local child support agencies for distribution, and to any person upon request. The department shall also distribute the booklets to all superior courts. Upon receipt of those booklets, each clerk of the court shall provide two copies of the booklet to the petitioner or plaintiff in any action involving the support of a minor child. The moving party shall serve a copy of the booklet on the responding party.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17434(d) The department shall expand the information provided under its toll-free information hotline in response to inquiries regarding the process and procedures for collection and payment of child and spousal support. This toll-free number shall be advertised as providing information on child and spousal support. The hotline personnel shall not provide legal consultation or advice, but shall provide only referral services.
(e)CA Family Law Code § 17434(e) The department shall maintain a file of referral sources to provide callers to the telephone hotline with the following information specific to the county in which the caller resides:
(1)CA Family Law Code § 17434(e)(1) The location and telephone number of the local child support agency, the county welfare office, the family law facilitator, and any other government agency that handles child and spousal support matters.
(2)CA Family Law Code § 17434(e)(2) The telephone number of the local bar association for referral to attorneys in family law practice.
(3)CA Family Law Code § 17434(e)(3) The name and telephone number of at least one organization that advocates the payment of child and spousal support or the name and telephone number of at least one organization that advocates the rights of supporting parents, if these organizations exist in the county.
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Section § 17440

Explanation

This law ensures that U.S. military service members and National Guard members who are activated receive information about modifying child support orders if their income changes due to activation. The Department of Child Support Services must create a simple form for service members to request support modifications without having to appear in person. The local child support agency must act quickly to change the support order if there's any change in the amount owed. Additionally, the Department works with the military to make sure these forms and information are easily accessible at military mobilization stations.

(a)CA Family Law Code § 17440(a) The Department of Child Support Services shall work with all branches of the United States military and the National Guard to ensure that information is made available regarding the rights and abilities of activated service members to have their support orders modified based on a change in income resulting from their activation, or other change of circumstance affecting the child support calculation, or to have a portion of their child support arrearages compromised pursuant to Section 17560.
(b)CA Family Law Code § 17440(b) No later than 90 days after the effective date of this section, the department shall develop a form for completion by the service member that will allow the local child support agency to proceed with a motion for modification without the service member being required to appear. The form shall contain only the information necessary for the local child support agency to proceed with the motion.
(c)CA Family Law Code § 17440(c) Within five business days of receipt of a properly completed form, the local child support agency shall bring a motion to modify the support order. The local child support agency shall bring the motion if the change in circumstances would result in any change in the dollar amount of the support order.
(d)CA Family Law Code § 17440(d) The department shall work with the United States military to have this form and the form developed pursuant to Section 3651 distributed at all mobilization stations or other appropriate locations to ensure timely notification to all activated personnel of their rights and responsibilities.
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