Section § 2000

Explanation

This law outlines how a corporation in California can avoid being dissolved if a lawsuit for involuntary dissolution or a vote for voluntary dissolution occurs. If shareholders owning 50% or more of the voting power want to prevent the dissolution, they can buy the shares of the initiators of the dissolution at their fair value, which is based on the company's liquidation value. If there's a disagreement on the share value, the court will appoint appraisers to determine it. Buyers must pay the determined value within a set time to stop the dissolution. If they don't pay, dissolution proceeds, and costs may be awarded to the initiators. Beneficial owners with certain agreements are also considered shareholders under this law, and the date for valuing shares is set at the start of dissolution proceedings unless the court decides otherwise.

(a)CA Corporations Code § 2000(a) Subject to any contrary provision in the articles, which may include a reference to a separate written agreement between two or more shareholders pertaining to the purchase of shares:
In any suit for involuntary dissolution, or in any proceeding for voluntary dissolution initiated by the vote of shareholders representing only 50 percent of the voting power, the corporation or, if it does not elect to purchase, the holders of 50 percent or more of the voting power of the corporation (the “purchasing parties”) may avoid the dissolution of the corporation and the appointment of any receiver by purchasing for cash the shares owned by the plaintiffs or by the shareholders so initiating the proceeding (the “moving parties”) at their fair value.
The fair value shall be determined on the basis of the liquidation value as of the valuation date but taking into account the possibility, if any, of sale of the entire business as a going concern in a liquidation. In fixing the value, the amount of any damages resulting if the initiation of the dissolution is a breach by any moving party or parties of an agreement with the purchasing party or parties may be deducted from the amount payable to the moving party or parties, unless the ground for dissolution is that specified in paragraph (4) of subdivision (b) of Section 1800. The election of the corporation to purchase may be made by the approval of the outstanding shares (Section 152) excluding shares held by the moving parties.
(b)CA Corporations Code § 2000(b) If the purchasing parties (1) elect to purchase the shares owned by the moving parties, and (2) are unable to agree with the moving parties upon the fair value of those shares, and (3) give bond with sufficient security to pay the estimated reasonable expenses (including attorneys’ fees) of the moving parties if those expenses are recoverable under subdivision (c), the court upon application of the purchasing parties, either in the pending action or in a proceeding initiated in the superior court of the proper county by the purchasing parties in the case of a voluntary election to wind up and dissolve, shall stay the winding up and dissolution proceeding and shall proceed to ascertain and fix the fair value of the shares owned by the moving parties.
(c)CA Corporations Code § 2000(c) The court shall appoint three disinterested appraisers to appraise the fair value of the shares owned by the moving parties, and shall make an order referring the matter to the appraisers so appointed for the purpose of ascertaining the value. The order shall prescribe the time and manner of producing evidence, if evidence is required. The award of the appraisers or of a majority of them, when confirmed by the court, shall be final and conclusive upon all parties. The court shall enter a decree, which shall provide in the alternative for winding up and dissolution of the corporation unless payment is made for the shares within the time specified by the decree. If the purchasing parties do not make payment for the shares within the time specified, judgment shall be entered against them and the surety or sureties on the bond for the amount of the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) of the moving parties. Any shareholder aggrieved by the action of the court may appeal the court’s decision.
(d)CA Corporations Code § 2000(d) If the purchasing parties desire to prevent the winding up and dissolution, they shall pay to the moving parties the value of their shares ascertained and decreed within the time specified pursuant to this section, or, in case of an appeal, as fixed on appeal. On receiving payment or the tender thereof, the moving parties shall transfer their shares to the purchasing parties.
(e)CA Corporations Code § 2000(e) For the purposes of this section, “shareholder” includes a beneficial owner of shares who has entered into an agreement under Section 300 or 706.
(f)CA Corporations Code § 2000(f) For the purposes of this section, the valuation date shall be (1) in the case of a suit for involuntary dissolution under Section 1800, the date upon which that action was commenced, or (2) in the case of a proceeding for voluntary dissolution initiated by the vote of shareholders representing only 50 percent of the voting power, the date upon which that proceeding was initiated. However, in either case the court may, upon the hearing of a motion by any party, and for good cause shown, designate some other date as the valuation date.

Section § 2001

Explanation

This section explains what the directors or other court-appointed persons can do once a corporation starts dissolving. They can elect officers, hire agents or attorneys, and manage the business until it's closed. They can fulfill contracts, handle debts and claims, both for and against the corporation, and deal with lawsuits. They also have the right to sell the corporation's assets and collect unpaid shares or illegal distributions. Essentially, they oversee everything needed to officially close down the corporation.

The powers and duties of the directors (or other persons appointed by the court pursuant to Section 1805) and officers after commencement of a dissolution proceeding include, but are not limited to, the following acts in the name and on behalf of the corporation:
(a)CA Corporations Code § 2001(a) To elect officers and to employ agents and attorneys to liquidate or wind up its affairs.
(b)CA Corporations Code § 2001(b) To continue the conduct of the business insofar as necessary for the disposal or winding up thereof.
(c)CA Corporations Code § 2001(c) To carry out contracts and collect, pay, compromise and settle debts and claims for or against the corporation.
(d)CA Corporations Code § 2001(d) To defend suits brought against the corporation.
(e)CA Corporations Code § 2001(e) To sue, in the name of the corporation, for all sums due or owing to the corporation or to recover any of its property.
(f)CA Corporations Code § 2001(f) To collect any amounts remaining unpaid on subscriptions to shares or to recover unlawful distributions.
(g)CA Corporations Code § 2001(g) To sell at public or private sale, exchange, convey or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the assets of the corporation for cash in an amount deemed reasonable by the board without compliance with the provisions of Section 1001 (except subdivision (d) thereof), or (subject to compliance with the provisions of Sections 1001, 1200 and 1201, but Chapter 13 (commencing with Section 1300) shall not be applicable thereto) upon such other terms and conditions and for such other considerations as the board deems reasonable or expedient; and to execute bills of sale and deeds of conveyance in the name of the corporation.
(h)CA Corporations Code § 2001(h) In general, to make contracts and to do any and all things in the name of the corporation which may be proper or convenient for the purposes of winding up, settling and liquidating the affairs of the corporation.

Section § 2002

Explanation
When a company is closing down, any empty spots on the board of directors can be filled by following the process described in another part of the law called Section 305.
A vacancy on the board may be filled during a winding up proceeding in the manner provided in Section 305.

Section § 2003

Explanation

If there's confusion about who the directors of a corporation are, or if they can't or won't do their job, or no one knows where they are, anyone with an interest can ask a court to figure out who the directors are or to appoint new ones to close down the corporation.

When the identity of the directors or their right to hold office is in doubt, or if they are dead or unable to act, or they fail or refuse to act or their whereabouts cannot be ascertained, any interested person may petition the superior court of the proper county to determine the identity of the directors or, if there are no directors, to appoint directors to wind up the affairs of the corporation, after hearing upon such notice to such persons as the court may direct.

Section § 2004

Explanation

When a corporation is closing down, and all debts are paid or covered, the board must share the remaining assets with shareholders based on their rights. If there are no shareholders, assets go to whoever is entitled. If a court is involved, the board must wait until the court's deadline for claims against the corporation has passed before distributing assets.

After determining that all the known debts and liabilities of a corporation in the process of winding up have been paid or adequately provided for, the board shall distribute all the remaining corporate assets among the shareholders according to their respective rights and preferences or, if there are no shareholders, to the persons entitled thereto. If the winding up is by court proceeding or subject to court supervision, the distribution shall not be made until after the expiration of any period for the presentation of claims which has been prescribed by order of the court.

Section § 2005

Explanation

This law explains how a company can ensure its debts are covered if it knows or doesn't know where the creditor is. Debts are considered taken care of if a reliable company, person, or government guarantees to pay them, as long as the company's board believes this solution is sufficient at the time of asset distribution. Alternatively, the debt can be taken care of by depositing the owed amount as described in another section. It also states that these are not the only ways to handle debts.

The payment of a debt or liability, whether the whereabouts of the creditor is known or unknown, has been adequately provided for if the payment has been provided for by either of the following means:
(a)CA Corporations Code § 2005(a) Payment thereof has been assumed or guaranteed in good faith by one or more financially responsible corporations or other persons or by the United States government or any agency thereof, and the provision (including the financial responsibility of such corporations or other persons) was determined in good faith and with reasonable care by the board to be adequate at the time of any distribution of the assets by the board pursuant to this chapter.
(b)CA Corporations Code § 2005(b) The amount of the debt or liability has been deposited as provided in Section 2008.
This section does not prescribe the exclusive means of making adequate provision for debts and liabilities.

Section § 2006

Explanation

This section states that when a corporation distributes its assets, it can do so in the form of money, property, or securities. The distribution can happen all at once or over time, as long as it's fair to everyone involved and follows what the company's founding documents and the shareholders' rights say. These distributions should occur as soon as possible while still allowing for a smooth winding up of the company.

Distribution may be made either in money or in property or securities and either in installments from time to time or as a whole, if this can be done fairly and ratably and in conformity with the provisions of the articles and the rights of the shareholders, and shall be made as soon as reasonably consistent with the beneficial liquidation of the corporate assets.

Section § 2007

Explanation

This section talks about how a corporation that's shutting down can distribute its remaining assets if it has both preferred and common shares. A plan that doesn't follow the preferences of preferred shares can be made if both the board and shareholders agree. If approved, it affects all shareholders, but those with liquidation preferences who don't agree can ask for cash instead by sending a written request within 30 days of being notified. If there are demands for cash, the board can decide to cancel the plan, letting all shareholders receive assets according to their rights. This rule doesn't apply if the asset distribution follows a pre-approved reorganization plan.

(a)CA Corporations Code § 2007(a) If the corporation in process of winding up has both preferred and common shares outstanding, a plan of distribution of the shares, obligations or securities of any other corporation, domestic or foreign, or assets other than money which is not in accordance with the liquidation rights of the preferred shares as specified in the articles may nevertheless be adopted if approved by (1) the board and (2) by approval of the outstanding shares (Section 152) of each class. The plan may provide that such distribution is in complete or partial satisfaction of the rights of any of such shareholders upon distribution and liquidation of the assets.
(b)CA Corporations Code § 2007(b) A plan of distribution so approved shall be binding upon all the shareholders except as provided in subdivision (c). The board shall cause notice of the adoption of the plan to be given by mail within 20 days after its adoption to all holders of shares having a liquidation preference.
(c)CA Corporations Code § 2007(c) Shareholders having a liquidation preference who dissent from the plan of distribution are entitled to be paid the amount of their liquidation preference in cash if they file written demand for payment with the corporation within 30 days after the date of mailing of the notice of the adoption of the plan of distribution, unless the plan of distribution is abandoned. The demand shall state the number and class of the shares held of record by the shareholder in respect of which the shareholder claims payment.
(d)CA Corporations Code § 2007(d) If any such demand for cash payment is filed, the board in its discretion may abandon the plan without further approval by the outstanding shares (Section 152), and all shareholders shall then be entitled to distribution according to their rights and liquidation preferences in the process of winding up.
(e)CA Corporations Code § 2007(e) This section shall not apply to a distribution in accordance with a reorganization the principal terms of which have been approved pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1202.

Section § 2008

Explanation

This section explains that if there are any shareholders or creditors who are unknown, cannot be found, or do not claim their payment, a corporation can deposit that money with the Controller. This is done so those who are legally entitled can claim it later with proof. If there's a dispute over stock ownership or the amount owed is unclear, the corporation can also deposit the contested amounts with the Controller. Once deposited, these funds are managed according to certain procedures in the Civil Code and can be claimed by rightful owners under those rules.

(a)CA Corporations Code § 2008(a) If any shareholders or creditors are unknown or fail or refuse to accept their payment, dividend, or distribution in cash or property or their whereabouts cannot be ascertained after diligent inquiry, or the existence or amount of a claim of a creditor or shareholder is contingent, contested, or not determined, or if the ownership of any shares of stock is in dispute, the corporation may deposit any such payment, dividend, distribution, or the maximum amount of the claim with the Controller in trust for the benefit of those lawfully entitled to the payment, dividend, distribution, or the amount of the claim. The payment, dividend, or distribution shall be paid over by the depositary to the lawful owners, their representatives or assigns, upon satisfactory proof of title.
(b)CA Corporations Code § 2008(b) For the purpose of providing for the transmittal, receipt, accounting for, claiming, management, and investment of all money or other property deposited with the Controller under subdivision (a), the money or other property shall be deemed to be paid or delivered for deposit with the Controller under Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 1500) of Title 10 of Part 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and may be recovered in the manner prescribed in that chapter.

Section § 2009

Explanation

This law deals with the situation where a corporation is being closed down and assets are given to shareholders without paying off all the company’s debts. If this happens, the corporation can take back the assets from shareholders. Creditors, who are owed money, can sue in the corporation's name to recover these assets. Shareholders who have to return more than their fair share of the improperly distributed assets can demand that other shareholders contribute to making things right. "Winding up" means formally ending a business, including distributing assets before closing.

(a)CA Corporations Code § 2009(a) Whenever in the process of winding up a corporation any distribution of assets has been made, otherwise than under an order of court, without prior payment or adequate provision for payment of any of the debts and liabilities of the corporation, any amount so improperly distributed to any shareholder may be recovered by the corporation. Any of such shareholders may be joined as defendants in the same action or brought in on the motion of any other defendant.
(b)CA Corporations Code § 2009(b) Suit may be brought in the name of the corporation to enforce the liability under subdivision (a) against any or all shareholders receiving the distribution by any one or more creditors of the corporation, whether or not they have reduced their claims to judgment.
(c)CA Corporations Code § 2009(c) Shareholders who satisfy any liability under this section shall have the right of ratable contribution from other distributees similarly liable. Any shareholder who has been compelled to return to the corporation more than the shareholder’s ratable share of the amount needed to pay the debts and liabilities of the corporation may require that the corporation recover from any or all of the other distributees such proportion of the amounts received by them upon the improper distribution as to give contribution to those held liable under this section and make the distribution of the assets fair and ratable, according to the respective rights and preferences of the shares, after payment or adequate provision for payment of all the debts and liabilities of the corporation.
(d)CA Corporations Code § 2009(d) As used in this section, “process of winding up” includes proceedings under Chapters 18 and 19 and also any other distribution of assets to shareholders made in contemplation of termination or abandonment of the corporate business.

Section § 2010

Explanation

Even if a corporation is officially closed or dissolved, it still exists to wrap up any remaining business. This means it can still be involved in legal actions, pay off debts, sell property, and distribute assets, but it can't continue doing normal business activities. Any legal cases that involve the corporation won't stop just because the corporation has dissolved. If there are any assets that were missed during the winding-up process, they stay with the corporation until they're properly distributed to the rightful parties.

(a)CA Corporations Code § 2010(a) A corporation which is dissolved nevertheless continues to exist for the purpose of winding up its affairs, prosecuting and defending actions by or against it and enabling it to collect and discharge obligations, dispose of and convey its property and collect and divide its assets, but not for the purpose of continuing business except so far as necessary for the winding up thereof.
(b)CA Corporations Code § 2010(b) No action or proceeding to which a corporation is a party abates by the dissolution of the corporation or by reason of proceedings for winding up and dissolution thereof.
(c)CA Corporations Code § 2010(c) Any assets inadvertently or otherwise omitted from the winding up continue in the dissolved corporation for the benefit of the persons entitled thereto upon dissolution of the corporation and on realization shall be distributed accordingly.

Section § 2011

Explanation

This section explains what happens with lawsuits against a company that has dissolved. If someone wants to sue such a company, they can only go after its remaining assets or, if assets were distributed, the shareholders up to their share. Lawsuits must be started within the legal time limit or within four years after the company dissolved, whichever comes first. Shareholders can be sued as if they're part of the company for procedural reasons. For serving legal papers, if no company leaders can be found, you can deliver them to the Secretary of State. This law ensures that dissolved companies can still be involved in certain legal disputes, like those affecting property titles, and details how notifications between parties should work.

(a)Copy CA Corporations Code § 2011(a)
(1)Copy CA Corporations Code § 2011(a)(1) Causes of action against a dissolved corporation, whether arising before or after the dissolution of the corporation, may be enforced against any of the following:
(A)CA Corporations Code § 2011(a)(1)(A) Against the dissolved corporation, to the extent of its undistributed assets, including, without limitation, any insurance assets held by the corporation that may be available to satisfy claims.
(B)CA Corporations Code § 2011(a)(1)(B) If any of the assets of the dissolved corporation have been distributed to shareholders, against shareholders of the dissolved corporation to the extent of their pro rata share of the claim or to the extent of the corporate assets distributed to them upon dissolution of the corporation, whichever is less.
A shareholder’s total liability under this section may not exceed the total amount of assets of the dissolved corporation distributed to the shareholder upon dissolution of the corporation.
(2)CA Corporations Code § 2011(2) Except as set forth in subdivision (c), all causes of action against a shareholder of a dissolved corporation arising under this section are extinguished unless the claimant commences a proceeding to enforce the cause of action against that shareholder of a dissolved corporation prior to the earlier of the following:
(A)CA Corporations Code § 2011(2)(A) The expiration of the statute of limitations applicable to the cause of action.
(B)CA Corporations Code § 2011(2)(B) Four years after the effective date of the dissolution of the corporation.
(3)CA Corporations Code § 2011(3) As a matter of procedure only, and not for purposes of determining liability, shareholders of the dissolved corporation may be sued in the corporate name of the corporation upon any cause of action against the corporation. This section does not affect the rights of the corporation or its creditors under Section 2009, or the rights, if any, of creditors under the Uniform Voidable Transactions Act, which may arise against the shareholders of a corporation.
(4)CA Corporations Code § 2011(4) This subdivision applies to corporations dissolved on and after January 1, 1992. Corporations dissolved prior to that date are subject to the law in effect prior to that date.
(b)CA Corporations Code § 2011(b) Summons or other process against such a corporation may be served by delivering a copy thereof to an officer, director, or person having charge of its assets or, if no such person can be found, to any agent upon whom process might be served at the time of dissolution. If none of those persons can be found with due diligence and it is so shown by affidavit to the satisfaction of the court, then the court may make an order that summons or other process be served upon the dissolved corporation by personally delivering a copy thereof, together with a copy of the order, to the Secretary of State or an assistant or deputy secretary of state. Service in this manner is deemed complete on the 10th day after delivery of the process to the Secretary of State.
(c)CA Corporations Code § 2011(c) Every such corporation shall survive and continue to exist indefinitely for the purpose of being sued in any quiet title action. Any judgment rendered in any such action shall bind each and all of its shareholders or other persons having any equity or other interest in that corporation, to the extent of their interest therein, and that action shall have the same force and effect as an action brought under the provisions of Sections 410.50 and 410.60 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Service of summons or other process in any such action may be made as provided in Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 413.10) of Title 5 of Part 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure or as provided in subdivision (b).
(d)CA Corporations Code § 2011(d) Upon receipt of that process and the fee therefor, the Secretary of State forthwith shall give notice to the corporation as provided in Section 1702.
(e)CA Corporations Code § 2011(e) For purposes of Article 4 (commencing with Section 19071) of Chapter 4 of Part 10.2 of Division 2 of the Revenue and Taxation Code, the liability described in this section shall be considered a liability at law with respect to a dissolved corporation.