(a)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(a) 本章应被称为“基因信息隐私法”,并可援引此名称。
(b)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b) 就本章而言,以下定义适用:
(1)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(1) “明确授权”指消费者表明其有意决定的行为。
(2)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(2) “生物样本”指人体的任何物质部分、其分泌物或其衍生物,例如组织、血液、尿液或唾液,已知含有脱氧核糖核酸 (DNA)。
(3)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(3) “消费者”指居住在加州的自然人。
(4)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(4) “黑暗模式”指一种用户界面,其设计或操纵的实质效果是颠覆或损害用户的自主权、决策或选择。
(5)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(5) “直接面向消费者的基因检测公司”指从事以下任何一项业务的实体:
(A)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(5)(A) 直接向消费者销售、营销、解读或以其他方式提供消费者发起的基因检测产品或服务。
(B)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(5)(B) 分析从消费者处获得的基因数据,但由获得医疗执照的人员为诊断或治疗医疗状况而进行的分析除外。
(C)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(5)(C) 收集、使用、维护或披露从直接面向消费者的基因检测产品或服务中收集或衍生的基因数据,或由消费者直接提供的数据。
(6)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(6) “明示同意”指消费者在收到关于为特定目的收集、使用、维护或披露基因数据的清晰、有意义且显著的通知后,给予许可的明确授权。数据收集、使用、维护或披露的性质应以清晰显著的措辞传达,以便普通消费者能够注意到并理解。明示同意不能从不作为中推断。通过使用黑暗模式获得的同意不构成同意。
(7)Copy CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(7)
(A)Copy CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(7)(A) “基因数据”指任何格式的数据,其来源于对消费者生物样本的分析,或来源于能够获取等效信息的其他要素,并涉及遗传物质。遗传物质包括但不限于脱氧核糖核酸 (DNA)、核糖核酸 (RNA)、基因、染色体、等位基因、基因组、DNA或RNA的改变或修改、单核苷酸多态性 (SNPs)、生物样本分析产生的未经解释的数据,以及从中推断、得出或推导的任何信息。
(B)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(7)(A)(B) “基因数据”不包括去标识化数据。就本分段而言,“去标识化数据”指不能用于推断特定个人的信息,或以其他方式与特定个人关联的数据,前提是拥有该信息的企业执行以下所有操作:
(i)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(7)(A)(B)(i) 采取合理措施确保信息不能与消费者或家庭关联。
(ii)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(7)(A)(B)(ii) 公开承诺仅以去标识化形式维护和使用信息,并且不尝试重新识别信息,但企业可以仅为了确定其去标识化过程是否符合本分段的要求而尝试重新识别信息,前提是企业不使用或披露在此过程中重新识别的任何信息,并在评估完成后销毁重新识别的信息。
(iii)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(7)(A)(B)(iii) 合同约定信息的任何接收方采取合理措施确保信息不能与消费者或家庭关联,并承诺仅以去标识化形式维护和使用信息,且不重新识别信息。
(C)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(7)(A)(C) “Genetic data” does not include data or a biological sample to the extent that data or a biological sample is collected, used, maintained, and
disclosed exclusively for scientific research conducted by an investigator with an institution that holds an assurance with the United States Department of Health and Human Services pursuant to Part 46 (commencing with Section 46.101) of Title 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations, in compliance with all applicable federal and state laws and regulations for the protection of human subjects in research, including, but not limited to, the Common Rule pursuant to Part 46 (commencing with Section 46.101) of Title 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations, United States Food and Drug Administration regulations pursuant to Parts 50 and 56 of Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (20 U.S.C. Sec. 1232g), and the Protection of Human Subjects in Medical Experimentation Act, Chapter 1.3 (commencing with Section 24170) of Division 20 of the Health and Safety Code.
(8)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(8) “Genetic testing” means any
laboratory test of a biological sample from a consumer for the purpose of determining information concerning genetic material contained within the biological sample, or any information extrapolated, derived, or inferred therefrom.
(9)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(9) “Person” means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, business, business trust, or legal representative of an organization.
(10)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(10) “Service provider” means a sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company, corporation, association, or other legal entity that is organized or operated for the profit or financial benefit of its shareholders or other owners, that is involved in the collection, transportation, and analysis of the consumer’s biological sample or extracted genetic material on behalf of the direct-to-consumer genetic testing company, or on behalf of any other company that collects, uses, maintains, or discloses
genetic data collected or derived from a direct-to-consumer genetic testing product or service, or is directly provided by a consumer, or the delivery of the results of the analysis of the biological sample or genetic material. The contract between the company and the service provider shall prohibit the service provider from retaining, using, or disclosing the biological sample, extracted genetic material, genetic data, or any information regarding the identity of the consumer, including whether that consumer has solicited or received genetic testing, as applicable, for any purpose other than for the specific purpose of performing the services specified in the contract for the business, including both of the following:
(A)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(10)(A) A provision prohibiting the service provider from retaining, using, or disclosing the biological sample, extracted genetic material, genetic data, or any information regarding the identity of the consumer, including whether
that consumer has solicited or received genetic testing, as applicable, for a commercial purpose other than providing the services specified in the contract with the business.
(B)CA 民法 Code § 56.18(b)(10)(B) A provision prohibiting the service provider from associating or combining the biological sample, extracted genetic material, genetic data, or any information regarding the identity of the consumer, including whether that consumer has solicited or received genetic testing, as applicable, with information the service provider has received from or on behalf of another person or persons, or has collected from its own interaction with consumers or as required by law.