(a)Copy CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)
(1)Copy CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1) (A) 如果已向少年法庭提交申请以启动程序裁定某人成为法院监护对象,如果某人被传唤到缓刑官面前或根据第626条被带到缓刑官面前,或者如果未成年人被带到任何执法机构的官员面前,则该人或县缓刑官可以在少年法庭对该人的管辖权终止五年或更长时间后,或者,如果未提交申请,在该人被传唤到缓刑官面前或根据第626条被带到缓刑官面前或被带到任何执法机构官员面前五年或更长时间后,或者,在任何情况下,在该人年满18岁后的任何时间,向法院申请封存与该人案件相关的记录,包括逮捕记录,这些记录由少年法庭和缓刑官以及申请人在申请中声称持有记录的任何其他机构(包括执法机构、实体和公职人员)保管。未成年人的辩护律师不应被命令封存其记录。法院应通知县地方检察官和县缓刑官(如果他们不是申请人),地方检察官或缓刑官或其任何副手或任何其他拥有相关证据的人可以在申请听证会上作证。如果在听证后,法院发现自管辖权终止或根据第626条采取行动以来(视情况而定),该人未被判犯有重罪或任何涉及道德败坏的轻罪,并且康复已达到法院满意的程度,则法院应命令封存少年法庭保管的该人案件中的所有记录、文件和证据,包括少年法庭记录、会议记录簿条目和案件登记簿条目,以及命令中指明的其他机构、实体和官员保管的与该案件相关的任何其他记录。一旦法院命令封存该人的记录,案件中的诉讼程序应被视为从未发生过,并且该人可以就任何关于已命令封存记录的事件的询问作出相应的适当答复。
(B)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(B) 法院应将命令副本发送给命令中指明的每个机构、实体和官员,指示该机构或实体封存其记录。每个机构、实体和官员应按照命令指示封存其保管的记录,应向法院告知其遵守情况,并随即封存该机构、实体或官员收到的法院封存记录命令副本。
(C)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(C) 如果少年法庭的监护对象受《刑法典》第290条规定的登记要求约束,法院在命令封存该人的少年记录时,还应在命令中规定该人免除登记要求,并销毁司法部和其他机构、实体和官员保管的所有登记信息。
(D)Copy CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(D)
(i)Copy CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(D)(i) 申请封存与第707条(b)款所列罪行相关的记录,该罪行是在年满14岁后实施并导致少年法庭裁定监护的,只能根据本条在以下情况下由法院提交或审议:
(I)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(D)(i)(I) 该人曾被送往惩教康复部少年设施司,已年满21岁,并在从该司释放后完成了缓刑监督期。
(II) 该人未被送往惩教康复部少年设施司,已年满18岁,并已完成法院就该罪行施加的任何缓刑监督期。
(ii)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(D)(i)(ii) 根据本条已封存的、与第707条(b)款所列罪行相关且在年满14岁后实施的记录,可以在以下任何情况下,在针对该人的后续诉讼中被查阅、检查或使用:
(I)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(D)(i)(ii)(I) 由检察官在必要时用于作出适当的指控决定,或在刑事管辖法院对后续重罪启动起诉,或由检察官或法院用于确定后续重罪的适当量刑。
(II) By the prosecuting attorney, as necessary, to initiate a juvenile court proceeding to determine whether a minor shall be transferred from the juvenile court to a court of criminal jurisdiction pursuant to
Section 707, and by the juvenile court to make that determination.
(III) By the prosecuting attorney, the probation department, or the juvenile court upon a subsequent finding by the juvenile court that the minor has committed a felony offense, for the purpose of determining an appropriate disposition of the case.
(IV) By the prosecuting attorney, or a court of criminal jurisdiction, for the purpose of proving a prior serious or violent felony conviction, and determining the appropriate sentence pursuant to Section 667 of the Penal Code.
(iii)Copy CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(D)(i)(iii)
(I)Copy CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(D)(i)(iii)(I) A record relating to an offense listed in subdivision (b) of Section 707 that was committed after attaining 14 years of age that has been sealed pursuant to
this section may be accessed, inspected, or utilized by the prosecuting attorney in order to meet a statutory or constitutional obligation to disclose favorable or exculpatory evidence to a defendant in a criminal case in which the prosecuting attorney has reason to believe that access to the record is necessary to meet the disclosure obligation. A request to access information in the sealed record for this purpose, including the prosecutor’s rationale for believing that access to the information in the record may be necessary to meet the disclosure obligation and the date by which the records are needed, shall be submitted by the prosecuting attorney to the juvenile court. The juvenile court shall approve the prosecutor’s request to the extent that the court has, upon review of the relevant records, determined that access to a specific sealed record or portion of a sealed record is necessary to
enable the prosecuting attorney to comply with the disclosure obligation. If the juvenile court approves the prosecuting attorney’s request, the court shall state on the record appropriate limits on the access, inspection, and utilization of the sealed record information in order to protect the confidentiality of the person whose sealed record is accessed pursuant to this clause. A ruling allowing disclosure of information pursuant to this subdivision does not affect whether the information is admissible in a criminal or juvenile proceeding. This clause does not impose any discovery
obligations on a prosecuting attorney that do not already exist.
(II) A record that was sealed pursuant to this section that was generated in connection with the investigation, prosecution, or adjudication of a qualifying offense as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 679.10 of the Penal Code may be accessed by a judge or prosecutor for the limited purpose of processing a request of a victim or victim’s family member to certify victim helpfulness on the Form I-918 Supplement B certification or Form I-914 Supplement B declaration. The information obtained pursuant to this subclause shall not be disseminated to other agencies or individuals, except as necessary to certify victim helpfulness on the Form I-918 Supplement B certification or Form I-914 Supplement B declaration, and under no circumstances shall it be used to
support the imposition of penalties, detention, or other sanctions upon an individual.
(III) This clause shall not apply to juvenile case files pertaining to matters within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court pursuant to Section 300.
(iv)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(D)(i)(iv) A sealed record that is accessed, inspected, or utilized pursuant to clause (ii) or (iii) shall be accessed, inspected, or utilized only for the purposes described therein, and the information contained in the sealed record shall otherwise remain confidential and shall not be further disseminated. The access, inspection, or utilization of a sealed record pursuant to clause (ii) or (iii) shall not be deemed an unsealing of the record and shall not require notice to any other entity.
(E)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(E) Subparagraph (D) does not apply in cases in which the offense listed in subdivision (b) of Section 707 that was committed after attaining 14 years of age was dismissed or reduced to a misdemeanor by the court. In those cases, the person may petition the court to have the record sealed, and the court may order the sealing of the record in the same manner and with the same effect as otherwise provided in this section for records that do not relate to an offense listed in subdivision (b) of Section 707 that was committed after the person had attained 14 years of age.
(F)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(F) 尽管有 (D) 和 (E) 分段的规定,但与第 707 条 (b) 款所列罪行相关的记录,若该罪行是在年满 14 岁后实施且该人根据《刑法典》第 290.008 条被要求登记的,则不得封存。
(G)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(1)(G) 尽管有 (A) 分段的规定,曾被判犯有重罪或涉及道德败坏的轻罪的人,如果该人的所有重罪判决以及涉及道德败坏的轻罪判决随后已被驳回、撤销、赦免或减为不涉及道德败坏的轻罪,则可以根据本条获得记录封存救济。此类判决后救济应包括但不限于根据《刑法典》第 1203.4、1203.4a、1203.4b、1203.41、1203.42 和 1203.43 条的驳回,根据《刑法典》第 236.14 条的撤销,以及根据《刑法典》第 17 条将重罪减为轻罪。
(2)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(2) 根据第 730.6 条已转换为民事判决的未履行的赔偿令,不得成为根据本款封存记录的障碍。
(3)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(3) 在评估申请人是否已达到法院满意的改过自新程度时,不应考虑未支付的赔偿罚款和法院命令的费用,且不应成为根据本款封存记录的障碍。
(4)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(a)(4) 根据本条被封存记录所涉人员可以向高等法院申请允许请愿书中指定的人员查阅记录,高等法院可以命令查阅这些记录。除 (b) 款另有规定外,这些记录不得公开查阅。
(b)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(b) 在任何基于诽谤的诉讼或程序中,法院在证明有充分理由后,可以命令将根据本条封存的任何记录开启并作为证据采纳。这些记录应保密,仅供法院、陪审团、当事人、当事人的律师以及经法院授权查阅的任何其他人查阅。诉讼或程序中的判决生效后,法院应命令将记录封存。
(c)Copy CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(c)
(1)Copy CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(c)(1) (a) 款不适用于机动车辆管理局关于《车辆法典》或任何与车辆操作、停车和停放相关的地方法规所规定的任何罪行的定罪记录,如果根据《车辆法典》第 1808 条,任何此类定罪记录将是公共记录。但是,如果法院命令根据本条封存包含任何此类定罪的案件记录,并且机动车辆管理局保留了此类定罪的公共记录,法院应通知机动车辆管理局该封存事宜,且该局应告知法院其已收到通知。
(2)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(c)(2) 尽管有任何其他法律规定,在收到通知后,机动车辆管理局应仅允许记录主体以及已获得该局请求者代码编号的保险公司查阅其定罪记录。当定罪记录根据本条已被封存,并向保险公司披露时,应在披露时告知该保险公司封存事宜。保险公司可以使用记录中包含的信息,以确定记录主体的保险资格和保险费率,且该信息不得用于任何其他目的,也不得由保险公司披露给任何无权查阅该记录的人员或当事人。
(3)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(c)(3) 本款不阻止封存由除机动车辆管理局以外的任何机构或当事人保存的任何记录。
(4)CA 福利和机构 Code § 781(c)(4) 本款不影响机动车辆管理局用于清除部门记录的程序或权限。