本标题中使用的下列术语具有本节所表达的含义：
(a)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(a) “不利行动”指拒绝或撤销信用、对现有信用安排条款作出不利于消费者利益的变更，或拒绝按大致相同的金额或大致相同的条款授予信用。“不利行动”包括以下所有情况：
(1)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(a)(1) 任何与保险承保相关的，针对个人、家庭或家居用途保险的拒绝、任何费用增加或金额减少。
(2)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(a)(2) 任何拒绝雇佣或为雇佣目的作出的，对任何现有或潜在雇员产生不利影响的其他决定。
(3)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(a)(3) 针对消费者采取的或作出的任何行动或决定，(A) 涉及信用延期申请或租赁住宅单元的申请，且 (B) 不利于消费者的利益。
“不利行动”不包括 (A) 在现有信用安排下拒绝向消费者提供额外信用，如果 (i) 申请人拖欠或以其他方式违反该信用安排，或 (ii) 额外信用将超出先前为消费者设定的信用额度，或 (B) 拒绝或未能授权销售点的账户交易。
(b)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(b) “消费者”指自然人。
(c)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(c) “消费者信用报告”指消费者信用报告机构以书面、口头或其他形式传达的任何信息，涉及消费者的信用价值、信用状况或信用能力，这些信息被使用或预期被使用，或全部或部分收集，旨在作为确定消费者以下资格的因素：(1) 主要用于个人、家庭或家居用途的信用，或 (2) 雇佣目的，或 (3) 租赁住宅单元（如第 1940 节 (c) 款所定义），或 (4) 第 1785.11 节授权的其他目的。
该术语不包括 (1) 仅包含消费者与报告制作人之间交易或经验信息的任何报告，(2) 报告制作人组织内部的，或向由该人拥有或通过公司控制与该人关联的实体作出的，关于该信息或来自消费者信用申请的任何通信；但消费者须通过清晰醒目的书面披露被告知信用申请中包含的信息可能会提供给这些人；然而，如果信用申请是通过电话进行的，披露应在申请时首先口头给出，并在申请后首次书面通信中向消费者作出清晰醒目的书面披露，(3) 信用卡或类似设备发行人直接或间接授权或批准特定信用延期，(4) 某人应第三方请求，传达是否直接或间接向消费者提供特定信用延期的决定的任何报告，如果第三方告知消费者请求对象的姓名和地址，并且该人向消费者作出了第 1785.20 节要求的披露，(5) 仅包含通过与被报告消费者的邻居、朋友或同事，或与消费者相识或可能了解这些信息的人进行个人访谈而获得的关于消费者品格、一般声誉、个人特征或生活方式信息的任何报告，(6) 在非消费者发起的信用交易中，在通过共同所有权或共同公司控制（如《公司法》第 150 节所定义）关联的人（如《公司法》第 160 节所定义）之间进行的关于消费者的任何通信，如果其中任何一方已遵守第 1785.20.1 节 (b) 款 (2) 项关于从中获取所传达信息的预审报告的规定，并且消费者已书面同意提供和使用该预审报告，或 (7) 为仅用于商业目的的信用延期交易而提供的任何消费者信用报告。
(d)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(d) “Consumer credit reporting agency” means any person who, for monetary fees, dues, or on a cooperative nonprofit basis, regularly engages in whole or in part in
the business of assembling or evaluating consumer credit information or other information on consumers for the purpose of furnishing consumer credit reports to third parties, but does not include any governmental agency whose records are maintained primarily for traffic safety, law enforcement, or licensing purposes.
(e)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(e) “Credit transaction that is not initiated by the consumer” does not include the use of a consumer credit report by an assignee for collection or by a person with which the consumer has an account for purposes of (1) reviewing the account or (2) collecting the account. For purposes of this subdivision, “reviewing the account” includes activities related to account maintenance and monitoring, credit line increases, and account upgrades and enhancements.
(f)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(f) “Employment purposes,” when used in connection with a consumer credit report, means a report used for the purpose of evaluating a consumer for employment, promotion, reassignment, or retention as an employee.
(g)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(g) “File,” when used in connection with information on any consumer, means all of the information on that consumer recorded and retained by a consumer credit reporting agency, regardless of how the information is stored.
(h)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(h) “Firm offer of credit” means any offer of credit to a consumer that will be honored if, based on information in a consumer credit report on the consumer and other information bearing on the creditworthiness of the consumer, the consumer is determined to meet the criteria used to select the consumer for the offer and the consumer is
able to provide any real property collateral specified in the offer. For purposes of this subdivision, the phrase “other information bearing on the creditworthiness of the consumer” means information that the person making the offer is permitted to consider pursuant to any rule, regulation, or formal written policy statement relating to the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act, as amended (15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681 et seq.), promulgated by the Federal Trade Commission or any federal bank regulatory agency.
(i)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(i) “Item of information” means any of one or more informative entries in a credit report which causes a creditor to deny credit to an applicant or increase the cost of credit to an applicant or deny an applicant a checking account with a bank or other financial institution.
(j)Copy CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(j)
(1)Copy CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(j)(1) “Medical debt” means a debt owed by a consumer to a person whose primary business is providing medical services, products, or devices, or to the person’s agent or assignee, for the provision of medical services, products, or devices. Medical debt includes, but is not limited to, medical bills that are not past due or that have been paid.
(2)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(j)(2) For the purposes of this subdivision, “medical service, product, or device” does not include cosmetic surgery, as defined in Section 1367.63 of the Health and Safety Code, and includes, but is not limited to, all of the following:
(A)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(j)(2)(A) Any service, drug, medication, product, or device sold, offered, or provided to a patient by either of the following:
(i)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(j)(2)(A)(i) A
person or facility licensed under Division 2 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Health and Safety Code, except for Chapters 3.35 (commencing with Section 1596.60) to 3.65 (commencing with Section 1597.70), inclusive, of that division.
(ii)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(j)(2)(A)(ii) A person licensed under Division 2 (commencing with
Section 500) of the Business and Professions Code, except for Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 4800) of that division.
(B)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(j)(2)(B) Initial or subsequent reconstructive surgeries, as defined in Section 1367.63 of the Health and Safety Code, and followup care deemed necessary by the attending physician and surgeon.
(C)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(j)(2)(C) Initial or subsequent prosthetic devices, as defined in Section 1367.635 of the Health and Safety Code, and followup care deemed necessary by the attending physician and surgeon.
(D)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(j)(2)(D) A mastectomy, as defined in Section 1367.635 of the Health and Safety Code.
(k)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(k) “Person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, trust, estate, cooperative,
association, government or governmental subdivision or agency, or other entity.
(l)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(l) “Prequalifying report” means a report containing the limited information permitted under paragraph (2) of subdivision (b) of Section 1785.11.
(m)CA 民法 Code § 1785.3(m) “State or local child support enforcement agency” means the Department of Child Support Services or local child support agency acting pursuant to Division 17 (commencing with Section 17000) of the Family Code to establish, enforce or modify child support obligations, and any state or local agency or official that succeeds to these responsibilities under a successor statute.
