This code shall be known as the Education Code.
Article 1Construction of Provisions
Section § 1
This section establishes that the set of laws referred to in this text will be called the "Education Code." It's essentially the title of the collection of laws related to education.
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Section § 2
This section of the law in California tells us that it should be interpreted in a way that helps achieve its goals and ensure fairness and justice.
The code establishes the law of this state respecting the subjects to which it relates, and its provisions and all proceedings under it are to be liberally construed, with a view to effect its objects and to promote justice.
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Section § 3
This section says that if the rules in this code are basically the same as those in previous laws on the same topic, they should be seen as a continuation of those old rules, not as new ones.
The provisions of this code, insofar as they are substantially the same as existing statutory provisions relating to the same subject matter, shall be construed as restatements and continuations, and not as new enactments.
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Section § 4
If a law mentions any part of this code or other state laws, that mention includes any changes or new parts added in the future.
Whenever reference is made to any portion of this code or of any other law of this state, such reference applies to all amendments and additions now or hereafter made.
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Section § 5
This law states that the labels or titles of various parts of the code, like titles, divisions, or sections, don't change or influence what the actual rules or provisions mean or intend to do.
Title, division, part, chapter, article, and section headings do not in any manner affect the scope, meaning, or intent of the provisions of this code.
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Section § 6
This section means that if one part of the education code is found to be invalid or unenforceable for a specific person or situation, the rest of the code still stands and works as usual for others.
If any provision of this code, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the remainder of the code, and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.
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Section § 7
This section explains that when a public officer is given certain powers or responsibilities, they can allow a deputy or another legally authorized person to carry out those powers or duties unless a specific law says otherwise.
Whenever a power is granted to, or a duty is imposed upon, a public officer, the power may be exercised or the duty may be performed by a deputy of the officer or by a person authorized, pursuant to law, by the officer, unless this code expressly provides otherwise.
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Section § 8
If a law gives powers to three or more people, they can usually act based on what most of them decide (a majority), unless the law specifically says differently.
Words giving a joint authority to three or more public officers or other persons are construed as giving such authority to a majority of them, unless it is otherwise expressed in the provisions of the code giving the authority.
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Section § 9
When calculating deadlines for actions required by this code, start counting the day after the event and include the final day unless it falls on a holiday. If the last day is a holiday, don't count it in the deadline.
The time in which any act provided by this code is to be done is computed by excluding the first day, and including the last, unless the last day is a holiday, and then it is also excluded.
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Section § 10
This section is about understanding and interpreting the rules and definitions in this code. It says that unless something specifically tells you otherwise, these general instructions should be followed when figuring out what this code means.
Unless the provisions or the context otherwise requires these general provisions, rules of construction, and definitions shall govern the construction of this code.
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Section § 11
This section explains how the value of property for tax purposes was assessed in California over different years and how tax rates are calculated based on these values. Up to the 1980–81 fiscal year, property was assessed at 25% of its full value, but from 1981–82 onwards, it's been assessed at full value. Tax rates also changed from being expressed per $100 of assessed value to percentages of full value. For comparing tax rates or assessing property taxes over different years, adjustments must be made so that comparisons reflect the same monetary impact. Specific conversion factors are provided to compare rates from different methods easily.
(a)CA Education Code § 11(a) For purposes of this code, “assessed value” means 25 percent of full value to, and including, the 1980–81 fiscal year, and 100 percent of full value for the 1981–82 fiscal year and fiscal years thereafter; and, tax rates shall be expressed in dollars, or fractions thereof, on each one hundred dollars ($100) of assessed value to, and including, the 1980–81 fiscal year and as a percentage of full value for the 1981–82 fiscal year and fiscal years thereafter.
(b)CA Education Code § 11(b) Whenever this code requires comparison of assessed values, tax rates or property tax revenues for different years, the assessment ratios and tax rates shall be adjusted as necessary so that the comparisons are made on the same basis, and the same amount of tax revenues would be produced, or the same relative value of an exemption or subvention will be realized regardless of the method of expressing tax rates or the assessment ratio utilized.
(c)CA Education Code § 11(c) For purposes of expressing tax rates on the same basis, a tax rate based on a 25 percent assessment ratio and expressed in dollars, or fractions thereof, for each one hundred dollars ($100) of assessed value may be multiplied by a conversion factor of twenty-five hundredths of 1 percent to determine a rate comparable to a rate expressed as a percentage of full value; and, a rate expressed as a percentage of full value may be multiplied by a factor of 400 to determine a rate comparable to a rate expressed in dollars, or fractions thereof, for each one hundred dollars ($100) of assessed value and based on a 25 percent assessment ratio.
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