Section § 8440

Explanation

This law says that a lien, which is a legal claim to secure payment for work, can be placed on the property where that work was done. The lien covers not just the building or improvement itself, but also enough of the surrounding area needed for using and occupying the space comfortably.

Subject to Section 8442, a lien attaches to the work of improvement and to the real property on which the work of improvement is situated, including as much space about the work of improvement as is required for the convenient use and occupation of the work of improvement.

Section § 8442

Explanation

This law explains that a lien can be placed on certain real estate interests if there's unpaid work on a property. It applies to the person who agreed to the work and also to others who knew about the work being done, unless they officially declare they're not responsible.

The following interests in real property to which a lien attaches are subject to the lien:
(a)CA Civil Law Code § 8442(a) The interest of a person that contracted for the work of improvement.
(b)CA Civil Law Code § 8442(b) The interest of a person that did not contract for the work of improvement, if work for which the lien is claimed was provided with the knowledge of that person, unless that person gives notice of nonresponsibility under Section 8444.

Section § 8444

Explanation

This law lets property owners, who didn't agree to or contract for improvements on their property, issue a notice to say they’re not responsible for any claims related to that work. The owner must sign and verify the notice, which needs to detail their interest in the property, any known lessee or buyer, and include a specific statement of nonresponsibility. To be valid, the notice has to be posted and officially recorded within ten days of the owner learning about the work being done.

(a)CA Civil Law Code § 8444(a) An owner of real property or a person claiming an interest in real property on which a work of improvement is situated that did not contract for the work of improvement may give notice of nonresponsibility.
(b)CA Civil Law Code § 8444(b) A notice of nonresponsibility shall be signed and verified by the owner.
(c)CA Civil Law Code § 8444(c) The notice shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 8100) of Title 1.
(d)CA Civil Law Code § 8444(d) The notice shall also include all of the following information:
(1)CA Civil Law Code § 8444(d)(1) The nature of the owner’s title or interest.
(2)CA Civil Law Code § 8444(d)(2) The name of a purchaser under contract, if any, or lessee, if known.
(3)CA Civil Law Code § 8444(d)(3) A statement that the person giving the notice is not responsible for claims arising from the work of improvement.
(e)CA Civil Law Code § 8444(e) A notice of nonresponsibility is not effective unless, within 10 days after the person giving notice has knowledge of the work of improvement, the person both posts and records the notice.

Section § 8446

Explanation

This law says you can file one lien claim against multiple construction projects if they have the same owner, or the same person hired for the work, even if the owners are different. You need to specify how much is owed for each project. If your contract didn't break down the cost per project, you can make a fair guess based on the work done. If you don't specify amounts, other liens can take priority. For a single building owned by different people, you don't have to separate the costs for each owner's part, but a court might decide a fair split if needed. Your lien won't cover more than the amount you specified compared to other creditors like those with mortgages or judgments.

A claimant may record one claim of lien on two or more works of improvement, subject to the following conditions:
(a)CA Civil Law Code § 8446(a) The works of improvement have or are reputed to have the same owner, or the work was contracted for by the same person for the works of improvement whether or not they have the same owner.
(b)CA Civil Law Code § 8446(b) The claimant in the claim of lien designates the amount due for each work of improvement. If the claimant contracted for a lump sum payment for work provided for the works of improvement and the contract does not segregate the amount due for each work of improvement separately, the claimant may estimate an equitable distribution of the amount due for each work of improvement based on the proportionate amount of work provided for each. If the claimant does not designate the amount due for each work of improvement, the lien is subordinate to other liens.
(c)CA Civil Law Code § 8446(c) If there is a single structure on real property of different owners, the claimant need not segregate the proportion of work provided for the portion of the structure situated on real property of each owner. In the lien enforcement action the court may, if it determines it equitable to do so, designate an equitable distribution of the lien among the real property of the owners.
(d)CA Civil Law Code § 8446(d) The lien does not extend beyond the amount designated as against other creditors having liens, by judgment, mortgage, or otherwise, on either the works of improvement or the real property on which the works of improvement are situated.

Section § 8448

Explanation

This law explains how construction work involving multiple residential units, like condos, is treated in terms of mechanics liens. Each unit is considered a separate project for lien purposes, meaning you have to record a lien for each unit separately. If materials are used across different units and can't be distinguished, you still have lien rights under another section of the law. The law covers how to handle liens when you can't separate who owes what for shared materials used in multiple units.

(a)CA Civil Law Code § 8448(a) As used in this section, “separate residential unit” means one residential structure, including a residential structure containing multiple condominium units, together with any common area, garage, or other appurtenant improvements.
(b)CA Civil Law Code § 8448(b) If a work of improvement consists of the construction of two or more separate residential units:
(1)CA Civil Law Code § 8448(b)(1) Each unit is deemed a separate work of improvement, and completion of each unit is determined separately for purposes of the time for recording a claim of lien on that unit. This paragraph does not affect any lien right under Section 8402 or 8446.
(2)CA Civil Law Code § 8448(b)(2) Material provided for the work of improvement is deemed to be provided for use or consumption in each separate residential unit in which the material is actually used or consumed; but if the claimant is unable to segregate the amounts used or consumed in separate residential units, the claimant has the right to all the benefits of Section 8446.

Section § 9500

Explanation

This law explains that if someone wants to enforce a claim stated in a stop payment notice, they must meet specific requirements. First, they need to have given a preliminary notice if it was required. Then, they must deliver the stop payment notice within the deadline. Additionally, the usual claim filing rules under the Government Code don't apply to actions related to this process.

(a)CA Civil Law Code § 9500(a) A claimant may not enforce payment of the claim stated in a stop payment notice unless the claimant has complied with all of the following conditions:
(1)CA Civil Law Code § 9500(a)(1) The claimant has given preliminary notice to the extent required by Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 9300).
(2)CA Civil Law Code § 9500(a)(2) The claimant has given the stop payment notice within the time provided in Section 9356.
(b)CA Civil Law Code § 9500(b) The claim filing procedures of Part 3 (commencing with Section 900) of Division 3.6 of Title 1 of the Government Code do not apply to an action under this article.

Section § 9502

Explanation

If you're claiming payment related to a public construction project through a stop payment notice, you can start legal action against the public entity and contractor after 10 days of issuing the notice. However, you must do this within 90 days after the deadline for giving the stop payment notice. The case can't be decided before that 90-day period is up. If you miss that window to start your legal action, the stop payment notice becomes invalid, and the public entity will release the funds you wanted to be withheld.

(a)CA Civil Law Code § 9502(a) The claimant shall commence an action against the public entity and the direct contractor to enforce payment of the claim stated in a stop payment notice at any time after 10 days from the date the claimant gives the stop payment notice.
(b)CA Civil Law Code § 9502(b) The claimant shall commence an action against the public entity and the direct contractor to enforce payment of the claim stated in a stop payment notice not later than 90 days after expiration of the time within which a stop payment notice must be given.
(c)CA Civil Law Code § 9502(c) An action under this section may not be brought to trial or judgment entered before expiration of the time provided in subdivision (b).
(d)CA Civil Law Code § 9502(d) If a claimant does not commence an action to enforce payment of the claim stated in a stop payment notice within the time provided in subdivision (b), the notice ceases to be effective and the public entity shall release funds withheld pursuant to the notice.

Section § 9504

Explanation

If you start a legal process to get paid through a stop payment notice, you need to tell the public agency involved within five days. You have to notify them just like you did with the original stop payment notice.

Within five days after commencement of an action to enforce payment of the claim stated in a stop payment notice, the claimant shall give notice of commencement of the action to the public entity in the same manner that a stop payment notice is given.

Section § 9506

Explanation

When multiple people file a stop payment notice in California, they can join together in a single lawsuit. If they start separate lawsuits, the court can combine them. If a government entity asks, all parties might be required to resolve their claims in one lawsuit.

If more than one claimant has given a stop payment notice:
(a)CA Civil Law Code § 9506(a) Any number of claimants may join in the same enforcement action.
(b)CA Civil Law Code § 9506(b) If claimants commence separate actions, the court that first acquires jurisdiction may order the actions consolidated.
(c)CA Civil Law Code § 9506(c) On request of the public entity, the court shall require that all claimants be impleaded in one action and shall adjudicate the rights of all parties in the action.

Section § 9508

Explanation

This law says that if someone files a lawsuit to collect money based on a stop payment notice and doesn't bring the case to trial within two years, the court can decide to dismiss the case because it's taking too long to move forward.

Notwithstanding Section 583.420 of the Code of Civil Procedure, if an action to enforce payment of the claim stated in a stop payment notice is not brought to trial within two years after commencement of the action, the court may in its discretion dismiss the action for want of prosecution.

Section § 9510

Explanation
This law explains when a stop payment notice is no longer valid and when a public entity must release the withheld funds. It happens if the lawsuit to enforce the claim is dismissed without the possibility of it being refiled, or if the court rules against the person who filed the stop payment notice.
A stop payment notice ceases to be effective, and the public entity shall release funds withheld, in either of the following circumstances:
(a)CA Civil Law Code § 9510(a) An action to enforce payment of the claim stated in the stop payment notice is dismissed, unless expressly stated to be without prejudice.
(b)CA Civil Law Code § 9510(b) Judgment in an action to enforce payment of the claim stated in the stop payment notice is against the claimant.